World History of February 21

Severianus, Bishop of Scythopolis, is martyred in Palestine.

Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland, is granted resignation after confessing to torture and forgery.

The Prussian Confederation is formed.

Mikhail I is unanimously elected Tsar by a national assembly, beginning the Romanov dynasty of Imperial Russia.

A force of 1,400 French soldiers invaded Britain at Fishguard in support of the Society of United Irishmen. They were defeated by 500 British reservists.

The first self-propelling steam locomotive makes its outing at the Pen-y-Darren Ironworks in Wales.

Without a previous declaration of war, Russian troops cross the border to Sweden at Abborfors in eastern Finland, thus beginning the Finnish War, in which Sweden will lose the eastern half of the country (i.e. Finland) to Russia.

Initial issue of the Cherokee Phoenix is the first periodical to use the Cherokee syllabary invented by Sequoyah.

John Greenough is granted the first U.S. patent for the sewing machine.

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels publish The Communist Manifesto.

Mariehamn, the capital city of Åland, is founded.

American Civil War: Battle of Valverde is fought near Fort Craig in New Mexico Territory.

The Oakland Daily Tribune publishes its first edition.

The first telephone directory is issued in New Haven, Connecticut.

The newly completed Washington Monument is dedicated.

An Englishman raised in Australia, Bob Fitzsimmons, fought an Irishman, Peter Maher, in an American promoted event which technically took place in Mexico, winning the 1896 World Heavyweight Championship in boxing.

Ioannina is incorporated into the Greek state after the Balkan Wars.

World War I: In France, the Battle of Verdun begins.

The last Carolina parakeet dies in captivity at the Cincinnati Zoo.

German socialist Kurt Eisner is assassinated. His death results in the establishment of the Bavarian Soviet Republic and parliament and government fleeing Munich, Germany.

Constituent Assembly of the Democratic Republic of Georgia adopts the country's first constitution.

Rezā Shāh takes control of Tehran during a successful coup.

The New Yorker publishes its first issue.

In the first battle of the Warlord Rebellion in northeastern Shandong against the Nationalist government of China, a 24,000-strong rebel force led by Zhang Zongchang was defeated at Zhifu by 7,000 NRA troops.

The League of Nations bans foreign national "volunteers" in the Spanish Civil War.

World War II: During the Battle of Iwo Jima, Japanese kamikaze planes sink the escort carrier USS Bismarck Sea and damage the USS Saratoga.

World War II: the Brazilian Expeditionary Force defeat the German forces in the Battle of Monte Castello on the Italian front.

In New York City, Edwin Land demonstrates the first "instant camera", the Polaroid Land Camera, to a meeting of the Optical Society of America.

NASCAR is incorporated.

The British government, under Winston Churchill, abolishes identity cards in the UK to "set the people free".

The Bengali language movement protests occur at the University of Dhaka in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh).

The CND symbol, aka peace symbol, commissioned by the Direct Action Committee in protest against the Atomic Weapons Research Establishment, is designed and completed by Gerald Holtom.

The Convention on Psychotropic Substances is signed at Vienna.

United States President Richard Nixon visits China to normalize Sino-American relations.

The Soviet uncrewed spaceship Luna 20 lands on the Moon.

Over the Sinai Desert, Israeli fighter aircraft shoot down Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114 jet killing 108 people.

The last Israeli soldiers leave the west bank of the Suez Canal pursuant to a truce with Egypt.

Watergate scandal: Former United States Attorney General John N. Mitchell and former White House aides H. R. Haldeman and John Ehrlichman are sentenced to prison.

Aldrich Ames is arrested by the Federal Bureau of Investigation for selling national secrets to the Soviet Union in Arlington County, Virginia.

Steve Fossett lands in Leader, Saskatchewan, Canada becoming the first person to make a solo flight across the Pacific Ocean in a balloon.

At least 17 people are killed and 119 injured following several bombings in the Indian city of Hyderabad.

In the prelude to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine Russian President Vladimir Putin declares the Luhansk People's Republic and Donetsk People's Republic as independent from Ukraine, and moves troops into the region. The action is condemned by the United Nations.

Abe no Seimei, Japanese astrologer (died 1005)

Isabella of Portugal (died 1471)

Joanna la Beltraneja, princess of Castile (died 1530)

Joachim I Nestor, Elector of Brandenburg (died 1535)

Ralph Neville, 4th Earl of Westmorland, English Earl (died 1549)

Philipp V, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (died 1599)

Sethus Calvisius, German astronomer, composer, and theorist (died 1615)

Raimondo Montecuccoli, Italian military commander (died 1680)

Rebecca Nurse, Massachusetts colonist, executed as a witch (died 1692)

Edward Hawke, 1st Baron Hawke, English admiral and politician (died 1781)

Peter III of Russia (died 1762)

Catharina of Württemberg (died 1835)

Francis Ronalds, British scientist, inventor and engineer who was knighted for developing the first working electric telegraph (died 1873)

Carl Czerny, Austrian pianist and composer (died 1857)

Antonio López de Santa Anna, Mexican general and politician, 8th President of Mexico (died 1876)

John Henry Newman, English cardinal (died 1890)

José Zorrilla, Spanish poet and playwright (died 1893)

Charles Scribner I, American publisher, founded Charles Scribner's Sons (died 1871)

Léo Delibes, French pianist and composer (died 1891)

Charles-Marie Widor, French organist and composer (died 1937)

Goscombe John, Welsh-English sculptor and academic (died 1952)

John Haden Badley, English author and educator, founded the Bedales School (died 1967)

Otto Hermann Kahn, German banker and philanthropist (died 1934)

Jeanne Calment, French super-centenarian, oldest verified person ever (died 1997)

Mirra Alfassa, French-Indian spiritual leader (died 1973)

Kenneth J. Alford, English soldier, bandmaster, and composer (died 1945)

Sacha Guitry, Russian-French actor, director, and playwright (died 1957)

Korechika Anami, Japanese general and politician, 54th Japanese Minister of War (died 1945)

Clemence Dane, English author and playwright (died 1965)

Harry Stack Sullivan, American psychiatrist and psychoanalyst (died 1949)

Celia Lovsky, Austrian-American actress (died 1979)

Andrés Segovia, Spanish guitarist (died 1987)

Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar, Indian chemist and academic (died 1955)

Henrik Dam, Danish biochemist and physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1976)

Nirala, Indian poet and author (died 1961)

Jeanne Aubert, French singer and actress (died 1988)

Arthur Nock, English theologian and academic (died 1963)

Anaïs Nin, French-American essayist and memoirist (died 1977)

Raymond Queneau, French poet and author (died 1976)

W. H. Auden, English-American poet, playwright, and composer (died 1973)

Hans Erni, Swiss painter, sculptor, and illustrator (died 2015)

Douglas Bader, English fighter pilot in World War II (died 1982)

Arline Judge, American actress and singer (died 1974)

Ilmari Juutilainen, Finnish soldier and pilot (died 1999)

Zachary Scott, American actor (died 1965)

Jean Tatlock, American psychiatrist and physician (died 1944)

Claudia Jones, Trinidad-British journalist and activist (died 1964)

Ann Sheridan, American actress and singer (died 1967)

Anton Vratuša, Prime Minister of Slovenia (died 2017)

Lucille Bremer, American actress and dancer (died 1996)

Tadd Dameron, American pianist and composer (died 1965)

Zdeněk Miler, Czech animator (died 2011)

John Rawls, American philosopher and academic (died 2002)

Richard T. Whitcomb, American aeronautical engineer (died 2009)

Dorothy Blum, American computer scientist and cryptanalyst (died 1980)

Thelma Estrin, American computer scientist and engineer (died 2014)

Robert Mugabe, Zimbabwean educator and politician, 2nd President of Zimbabwe (died 2019)

Sam Peckinpah, American director and screenwriter (died 1984)

Jack Ramsay, American basketball player, coach, and sportscaster (died 2014)

Erma Bombeck, American journalist and author (died 1996)

Chespirito, Mexican actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2014)

Bob Rafelson, American film director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2022)

Nina Simone, American singer-songwriter and pianist (died 2003)

Rue McClanahan, American actress (died 2010)

Richard A. Lupoff, American author (died 2020)

Mark McManus, Scottish actor (died 1994)

Barbara Jordan, American lawyer and politician (died 1996)

Ron Clarke, Australian runner and politician, Mayor of the Gold Coast (died 2015)

Harald V of Norway

Gary Lockwood, American actor

Bobby Charles, American singer-songwriter (died 2010)

Peter Gethin, English racing driver (died 2011)

John Lewis, American activist and politician (died 2020)

Tony Martin, Trinidadian-American historian and academic (died 2013)

Margarethe von Trotta, German actress, director, and screenwriter

David Geffen, American businessman, co-founded DreamWorks and Geffen Records

Maurice Bembridge, English golfer (died 2024)

Tyne Daly, American actress and singer

Anthony Daniels, English actor and producer

Alan Rickman, English actor and director (died 2016)

Bob Ryan, American journalist and author

Johnny Echols, American singer-songwriter and guitarist

Olympia Snowe, American politician

Frank Brunner, American illustrator

Jerry Harrison, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer

Ronnie Hellström, Swedish footballer (died 2022)

Sahle-Work Zewde, Ethiopian politician and diplomat, 5th President of Ethiopia

Vince Welnick, American keyboard player (died 2006)

Jean-Jacques Burnel, English bass player, songwriter, and producer

Vitaly Churkin, Russian diplomat, former Ambassador of Russia to the United Nations (died 2017)

Christine Ebersole, American actress and singer

William Petersen, American actor and producer

Christina Rees, British politician

Kelsey Grammer, American actor, singer, and producer

Jake Burns, Northern Irish singer-songwriter and guitarist

Mary Chapin Carpenter, American singer-songwriter and guitarist

Kim Coates, Canadian-American actor

Jack Coleman, American actor

Alan Trammell, American baseball player, coach, and manager

José María Cano, Spanish singer-songwriter and painter

Plamen Oresharski, Bulgarian economist and politician, 52nd Prime Minister of Bulgaria

Christopher Atkins, American actor and businessman

Elliot Hirshman, American psychologist and academic

Chuck Palahniuk, American novelist and journalist

David Foster Wallace, American novelist, short story writer, and essayist (died 2008)

William Baldwin, American actor

Ranking Roger, English singer-songwriter and musician (died 2019)

Greg Turner, New Zealand golfer

Mark Kelly, American astronaut and politician

Scott Kelly, American astronaut

Mark Ferguson, Australian journalist

Leroy Burrell, American runner and coach

Sari Essayah, Finnish athlete and politician

James Dean Bradfield, Welsh singer-songwriter and guitarist

Aunjanue Ellis, American actress and producer

Petra Kronberger, Austrian skier

Tony Meola, American soccer player and manager

Cathy Richardson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist

Michael Slater, Australian cricketer and sportscaster

Pierre Fulke, Swedish golfer

Heri Joensen, Faroese singer-songwriter and guitarist

Brian Rolston, American ice hockey player and coach

Iván Campo, Spanish footballer

Scott Miller, Australian swimmer

Michael McIntyre, English comedian, actor and television presenter

Ryan Smyth, Canadian ice hockey player

Steve Francis, American basketball player

Rhiannon Giddens, American musician

Erick Barkley, American basketball player

Tituss Burgess, American actor and singer

Carlito, Puerto Rican wrestler

Pascal Chimbonda, Guadeloupean-French footballer

Jennifer Love Hewitt, American actress and producer

Jordan Peele, American actor, comedian, director, producer, and screenwriter

Brad Fast, Canadian ice hockey player

Tiziano Ferro, Italian singer-songwriter and producer

Brendan Sexton III, American actor

Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, 5th King of Bhutan

Tsuyoshi Wada, Japanese baseball player

Andre Barrett, American basketball player

Chantal Claret, American singer-songwriter

Tebogo Jacko Magubane, South African DJ and producer

Braylon Edwards, American football player

Franklin Gutiérrez, Venezuelan baseball player

Mélanie Laurent, French actress

Andrew Ellis, New Zealand rugby player

David Odonkor, German footballer

Marco Paoloni, Italian footballer

James Wisniewski, American ice hockey player

Georgios Samaras, Greek footballer

Charlotte Church, Welsh singer-songwriter and actress

Eniola Aluko, English footballer

Ashley Greene, American actress

Elliot Page, Canadian actor

Donté Greene, American basketball player

Corbin Bleu, American actor, model, dancer, film producer and singer-songwriter

Ian Cole, American ice hockey player

Federico Fernández, Argentine footballer

Jake Muzzin, Canadian ice hockey player

Mattias Tedenby, Swedish ice hockey player

Joe Alwyn, English actor

Riyad Mahrez, Algerian footballer

Ji So-yun, South Korean footballer

Solar, South Korean singer, songwriter and actress

Devon Travis, American baseball player

Phil Jones, English footballer

Steve Leo Beleck, Cameroonian footballer

Davy Klaassen, Dutch footballer

Tang Haochen, Chinese tennis player

Hayley Orrantia, American actress and singer-songwriter

Wendy, South Korean singer

Noah Rubin, American tennis player

Sophie Turner, English actress

Metawin Opas-iamkajorn, Thai actor and singer

Leeseo, South Korean singer

Gaius Caesar, Roman consul and grandson of Augustus (born 20 BC)

Randoald of Grandval, prior of the Benedictine monastery of Grandval

Minamoto no Yoshinaka, Japanese shōgun (born 1154)

Aymon de Briançon, archbishop of Tarentaise and crusader

Baldwin of Ibelin, Seneschal of Cyprus

James I of Scotland (born 1394; assassinated)

Jan Rokycana, Czech bishop and theologian (born 1396)

Pope Julius II (born 1443)

Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi, Somalian general (born 1507)

Hieronymus Bock, German botanist and physician (born 1498)

Cho Sik, Korean poet and scholar (born 1501)

Ambrose Dudley, 3rd Earl of Warwick, English nobleman and general (born 1528)

Robert Southwell, English priest and poet (born 1561)

Baruch Spinoza, Dutch philosopher and scholar (born 1632)

Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore, English politician (born 1637)

Pope Benedict XIII (born 1649)

Georg Friedrich von Martens, German jurist and diplomat (born 1756)

Eugène de Beauharnais, French general (born 1781)

Kittur Chennamma, Indian queen and freedom fighter (born 1778)

Emperor Ninkō of Japan (born 1800)

Justinus Kerner, German poet and physician (born 1786)

William Weston, English-Australian politician, 3rd Premier of Tasmania (born 1804)

James Timberlake, American lieutenant and police officer (born 1846)

Incas, last known Carolina parakeet (hatched fl. 1885)

Kurt Eisner, German journalist and politician, Minister-President of Bavaria (born 1867)

Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, Dutch physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1853)

Augusto César Sandino, Nicaraguan rebel leader (born 1895)

George Ellery Hale, American astronomer and academic (born 1868)

Frederick Banting, Canadian physician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1891)

Ferenc Szisz, Hungarian-French racing driver (born 1873)

Eric Liddell, Scottish rugby player and runner (born 1902)

José Streel, Belgian journalist (born 1911)

Fannie Charles Dillon, American composer (born 1881)

Duncan Edwards, English footballer (born 1936)

Malcolm X, American minister and activist (born 1925)

Charles Beaumont, American author and screenwriter (born 1929)

Howard Florey, Australian pathologist and pharmacologist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1898)

Zhang Guohua, Chinese general and politician (born 1914)

Bronislava Nijinska, Russian-American dancer and choreographer (born 1891)

Eugène Tisserant, French cardinal (born 1884)

Tim Horton, Canadian ice hockey player and businessman, co-founded Tim Hortons (born 1930)

Alfred Andersch, German-Swiss author (born 1914)

Gershom Scholem, German-Israeli historian and philosopher (born 1897)

Mikhail Sholokhov, Russian novelist and short story writer, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1905)

Louis Hayward, South African-American actor (born 1909)

Helen Hooven Santmyer, American novelist (born 1895)

Dorothy Auchterlonie Green, Australian poet, critic, and academic (born 1915)

Nutan, Indian actress (born 1936)

Inge Lehmann, Danish seismologist and geophysicist (born 1888)

Johannes Steinhoff, German general and pilot (born 1913)

Robert Bolt, English dramatist (born 1924)

Morton Gould, American pianist, composer, and conductor (born 1913)

Gertrude B. Elion, American biochemist and pharmacologist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1918)

Ilmari Juutilainen, Finnish soldier and pilot (born 1914)

Wilmer Mizell, American baseball player and politician (born 1930)

John Thaw, English actor and producer (born 1942)

John Charles, Welsh footballer and manager (born 1931)

Guillermo Cabrera Infante, Cuban author, screenwriter, and critic (born 1929)

Zdzisław Beksiński, Polish painter, photographer, and sculptor (born 1929)

Ben Chapman, American actor (born 1928)

Dwayne McDuffie, American author and screenwriter, co-founded Milestone Media (born 1962)

Bernard Nathanson, American physician and activist (born 1926)

H. M. Darmstandler, American general (born 1922)

Hasse Jeppson, Swedish footballer (born 1925)

Héctor Maestri, Cuban-American baseball player (born 1935)

Matthew Robinson, Australian snowboarder (born 1985)

Cornelius Schnauber, German-American historian, playwright, and academic (born 1939)

Aleksei Gubarev, Russian general, pilot, and astronaut (born 1931)

Sadeq Tabatabaei, Iranian journalist and politician (born 1943)

Clark Terry, American trumpet player, composer, and educator (born 1920)

Eric Brown, Scottish-English captain and pilot (born 1919)

Jeanne Martin Cissé, Guinean teacher and politician (born 1926)

Billy Graham, American evangelist (born 1918)

Stanley Donen, American film director (born 1924)

Peter Tork, American musician and actor (born 1942)

Mireya Arboleda, Colombian classical pianist (born 1928)

Kevin Dann, Australian rugby league player (born 1958)

John Bahnsen, United States Army brigadier general and decorated veteran of the Vietnam War (born 1934)

Clint Hill, American Secret Service agent (born 1932)

Lynne Marie Stewart, American actress (born 1946)