World History of October 3

Liberators' civil war: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight to a draw Caesar's assassins Brutus and Cassius in the first part of the Battle of Philippi, where Cassius commits suicide believing the battle is lost.

Gallic Wars: Vercingetorix, leader of the Gauls, surrenders to the Romans under Julius Caesar, ending the siege and battle of Alesia.

Roman Emperor Theodosius I concludes a peace treaty with the Goths and settles them in the Balkans.

Muhammed VII becomes the twelfth sultan of the Emirate of Granada.

The Siege of Leiden is lifted by the Watergeuzen.

Qing dynasty naval commander Shi Lang receives the surrender of the Tungning kingdom on Taiwan after the Battle of Penghu.

The Duke of Montrose issues a warrant for the arrest of Rob Roy MacGregor.

The Treaty of Niš is signed by the Ottoman Empire and Russia ending the Russian-Turkish War.

George Washington proclaims Thursday November 26, 1789 as Thanksgiving Day.

A militia departs from the Spanish stronghold of Valdivia to quell a Huilliche uprising in southern Chile.

American Civil War: The two-day Second Battle of Corinth begins as Confederate forces under General Earl Van Dorn attack Union defenses led by General William Rosecrans around Corinth, Mississippi.

The last Thursday in November is declared as Thanksgiving Day by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln.

Chief Kintpuash and companions are hanged for their part in the Modoc War of northern California.

U.S. forces defeat Nicaraguan rebels at the Battle of Coyotepe Hill.

Tsar Boris III of Bulgaria accedes to the throne.

Cincinnati Reds pitcher Adolfo Luque becomes the first Latin American player to appear in a World Series.

The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes is renamed to Yugoslavia by King Alexander I.

The Kingdom of Iraq gains independence from the United Kingdom.

Second Italo-Abyssinian War: Italy invades Ethiopia.

A German V-2 rocket reaches a record 85 km (46 nm) in altitude.

World War II: German forces murder 92 civilians in Lingiades, Greece.

An American Overseas Airlines Douglas DC-4 crashes near Ernest Harmon Air Force Base in Stephenville, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, killing 39.

WERD, the first black-owned radio station in the United States, opens in Atlanta.

Korean War: The First Battle of Maryang San pits Commonwealth troops against communist Chinese troops.

The United Kingdom successfully tests a nuclear weapon in the Montebello Islands, Western Australia, to become the world's third nuclear power.

The California State Superior Court rules that the book Howl and Other Poems is not obscene.

Project Mercury: US astronaut Wally Schirra, in Sigma 7, is launched from Cape Canaveral for a six-orbit flight.

A violent coup in Honduras begins two decades of military rule.

The hunger strike at the Maze Prison in Northern Ireland ends after seven months and ten deaths.

The Space Shuttle Atlantis makes its maiden flight, carrying two DSCS-III Satellites on STS-51-J.

TASCC, a superconducting cyclotron at the Chalk River Laboratories in Canada, is officially opened.

A coup in Panama City is suppressed and 11 participants are executed.

The German Democratic Republic is abolished and becomes part of the Federal Republic of Germany; the event is afterwards celebrated as German Unity Day.

Nadine Gordimer is announced as the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature.

An American attack against a warlord in Mogadishu fails; eighteen US soldiers and over 350 Somalis die.

O. J. Simpson murder case: O. J. Simpson is acquitted of the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman.

The Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 for the U.S. financial system is signed by President George W. Bush.

Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Turkey join in the Turkic Council.

At least 360 migrants are killed when their boat sinks near the Italian island of Lampedusa.

Forty-two people are killed and 33 go missing in the Kunduz hospital airstrike in Afghanistan.

Eight people are killed in an airplane crash near Milan, Italy.

Svante Pääbo is awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

Wab Kinew is elected to be the first First Nations Premier of a Canadian province in the 2023 Manitoba general election

Bengali, Assamese, Marathi, Pali and Prakrit are accorded the Classical language status by the Government of India

Gaecheonjeol, Hwanung (환웅) purportedly descended from heaven. South Korea's National Foundation Day.

Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester (died 1447)

Saint Casimir, Prince of Poland and Duke of Lithuania (died 1484)

Fulke Greville, 1st Baron Brooke, English poet (died 1628)

Gabriel Lalemant, French-Canadian missionary and saint (died 1649)

Sebastian Anton Scherer, German organist and composer (died 1712)

George Gordon, 1st Earl of Aberdeen, Lord Chancellor of Scotland (died 1720)

Antoine Dauvergne, French violinist and composer (died 1797)

Giovanni Battista Beccaria, Italian physicist and academic (died 1781)

Johann Uz, German poet and judge (died 1796)

John Ross, American tribal chief (died 1866)

Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany (died 1870)

George Bancroft, American historian and politician, 17th United States Secretary of the Navy (died 1891)

Townsend Harris, American merchant, politician, and diplomat, United States Ambassador to Japan (died 1878)

Allan Kardec, French author, translator, educator and founder of modern Spiritism (died 1869)

Woldemar Bargiel, German composer and educator (died 1897)

Nicolás Avellaneda, Argentinian journalist and politician, 8th President of Argentina (died 1885)

James Jackson Putnam, American neurologist and academic (died 1918)

Henry Lerolle, French painter and art collector (died 1929)

Eleonora Duse, Italian actress (died 1924)

Alice B. Woodward, British illustrator for children and scientists (died 1931)

Johnny Briggs, English cricketer and rugby player (died 1902)

Pyotr Kozlov, Russian archaeologist and explorer (died 1935)

Gustave Loiseau, French painter (died 1935)

Josephine Sabel, American singer and comedian (died 1945)

Joseph Beech, American Methodist missionary and educator (died 1954)

Pierre Bonnard, French painter (died 1947)

Alfred Flatow, German gymnast (died 1942)

Dr. Atl, Mexican painter (died 1964)

Warner Oland, Swedish-American actor and singer (died 1938)

Nora Bayes, American singer, comedian, and actress (died 1928)

A. Y. Jackson, Canadian painter and academic (died 1974)

Sophie Treadwell, American playwright and journalist (died 1970)

Alain-Fournier, French soldier, author, and critic (died 1914)

Wade Boteler, American actor and screenwriter (died 1943)

Carl von Ossietzky, German journalist and activist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1938)

Emilio Portes Gil, Mexican politician, President of Mexico (died 1978)

Elmer Robinson, American lawyer and politician, 33rd Mayor of San Francisco (died 1982)

Walter Warlimont, German general (died 1976)

Giovanni Comisso, Italian author and poet (died 1969)

Sergei Yesenin, Russian poet (died 1925)

Auvergne Doherty, Australian businesswoman (died 1961)

Gerardo Diego, Spanish poet and critic (died 1987)

Louis Aragon, French author and poet (died 1982)

Leo McCarey, American director and screenwriter (died 1969)

Adolf Reichwein, German economist and educator (died 1944)

Gertrude Berg, American actress, screenwriter and producer (died 1966)

Thomas Wolfe, American novelist (died 1938)

Jean Grémillon, French director, composer, and screenwriter (died 1959)

Ernst-Günther Schenck, German colonel and physician (died 1998)

Tekin Arıburun, Turkish soldier and politician, President of Turkey (died 1993)

Natalie Savage Carlson, American author (died 1997)

Johnny Burke, American songwriter (died 1964)

Michael Hordern, English actor (died 1995)

Charles Wood, 2nd Earl of Halifax, British peer, Conservative politician (died 1980)

Ray Stark, American film producer (died 2004)

James Herriot, English veterinarian and author (died 1995)

James M. Buchanan, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2013)

Ray Lindwall, Australian cricketer and soldier (died 1996)

Edward Oliver LeBlanc, Dominican lawyer and politician, 1st Premier of Dominica (died 2004)

Harvey Kurtzman, American cartoonist (died 1993)

Arkady Vorobyov, Russian weightlifter and coach (died 2012)

Simone Segouin (also known as Nicole Minet), French Resistance fighter and partisan (died 2023)

Gore Vidal, American novelist, screenwriter, and critic (died 2012)

George Wein, American pianist and producer, co-founded the Newport Folk Festival (died 2021)

Gerardo P. Cabochan, Filipino politician (died 2014)

Erik Bruhn, Danish dancer and choreographer (died 1986)

Shridath Ramphal, Guyanese academic and politician, 2nd Commonwealth Secretary-General (died 2024)

Glenn Hall, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (died 2026)

Neale Fraser, Australian tennis player (died 2024)

Benjamin Boretz, American composer and theorist

Miguel-Ángel Cárdenas, Colombian-Dutch painter and illustrator (died 2015)

Harold Henning, South African golfer (died 2004)

Simon Nicholson, English sculptor and painter (died 1990)

Charles Duke, American general, pilot, and astronaut

Armen Dzhigarkhanyan, Soviet Russian-Armenian actor (died 2020)

Steve Reich, American composer

Eddie Cochran, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor (died 1960)

David Hart Dyke, English captain

Jack Hodgins, Canadian author and academic

Pedro Pablo Kuczynski, Peruvian entrepreneur and politician, 66th President of Peru

Bob Armstrong, American wrestler and trainer (died 2020)

Alan O'Day, American singer-songwriter (died 2013)

Jean Ratelle, Canadian ice hockey player and coach

Mike Troy, American swimmer (died 2019)

Chubby Checker, American singer-songwriter

Andrea de Adamich, Italian racing driver and sportscaster (died 2025)

John Elliott, Australian businessman (died 2021)

Nicolae Șerban Tanașoca, Romanian historian and philologist (died 2017)

Alan Rachins, American actor (died 2024)

Jeff Bingaman, American soldier and politician, 25th Attorney General of New Mexico

Baki İlkin, Turkish civil servant and diplomat

Pierre Deligne, Belgian mathematician and academic

Bob Riley, American politician, 52nd Governor of Alabama

Tony Brown, English footballer and sportscaster

Christopher Bruce, English dancer and choreographer

Jo Ritzen, Dutch economist and politician, Dutch Minister of Education

P. P. Arnold, American soul singer

John Perry Barlow, American poet, songwriter, blogger, and activist (died 2018)

Ben Cauley, American trumpet player and songwriter (died 2015)

Fred DeLuca, American businessman (died 2015)

Anne Dorte of Rosenborg (died 2014)

Takis Michalos, Greek water polo player and coach (died 2010)

Lindsey Buckingham, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer

J. P. Dutta, Indian director, producer, and screenwriter

Aleksandr Rogozhkin, Russian director and screenwriter (died 2021)

Laurie Simmons, American photographer and director

Ronnie Laws, American jazz, R&B, and funk saxophone player

Dave Winfield, American baseball player and sportscaster

Keb' Mo', American blues musician and songwriter

Kathryn D. Sullivan, American geologist and astronaut

Bruce Arians, American football coach

Gary Troup, New Zealand cricketer

Eddie DeGarmo, American singer-songwriter, keyboard player, and producer

Dennis Eckersley, American baseball player and sportscaster

Al Sharpton, American minister, talk show host, and political activist

Stevie Ray Vaughan, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (died 1990)

Moshe Kam, American engineering educator

John S. Lesmeister, American educator and politician, 30th North Dakota State Treasurer (died 2006)

Allen Woody, American bass player and songwriter (died 2000)

Buket Uzuner, Turkish author

Hart Bochner, Canadian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter

Roberto Azevêdo, Brazilian engineer and diplomat, 6th Director-General of the World Trade Organization

Tim Westwood, English radio and television host

Chen Yanyin, Chinese sculptor

Louise Lecavalier, Canadian dancer and choreographer

Craig Bellamy, Australian rugby league player and coach

Fred Couples, American golfer

Greg Proops, American comedian, actor, and screenwriter

Frank Stephenson, Italian automotive designer and blogger

Jack Wagner, American actor and singer

Rebecca Stephens, English journalist and mountaineer

Ludger Stühlmeyer, German cantor, composer, and musicologist

Tommy Lee, Greek-American singer-songwriter, drummer, and producer

Simon Scarrow, Nigerian-English novelist

Benny Anders, American basketball player

Dan Goldie, American tennis player

Clive Owen, English actor

Annemarie Verstappen, Dutch swimmer

Jan-Ove Waldner, Swedish table tennis player

Darrin Fletcher, American baseball player and sportscaster

Rob Liefeld, American author and illustrator

Chris Collingwood, English-American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer

Paul Crichton, English footballer and manager

Greg Foster, American basketball player and coach

Marko Rajamäki, Finnish footballer and manager

Donald Sild, Estonian javelin thrower

Garry Herbert, English rower and sportscaster

Janel Moloney, American actress

Gwen Stefani, American singer-songwriter, actress, and fashion designer

Tetsuya, Japanese singer-songwriter, bass player, and producer

Elmar Liitmaa, Estonian guitarist and songwriter

Jimmy Ray, English singer-songwriter and guitarist

Wil Cordero, Puerto Rican-American baseball player and coach

Kevin Richardson, American singer-songwriter and actor

Komla Dumor, Ghanaian-English journalist (died 2014)

G. Love, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and harmonica player

Michael Nylander, Swedish ice hockey player and coach

Guy Oseary, Israeli-American talent manager and businessman

Keiko Agena, American actress

Neve Campbell, Canadian actress

Angélica Gavaldón, American-Mexican tennis player and coach

Lena Headey, British actress

Eirik Hegdal, Norwegian saxophonist and composer

John Dwyer, American multi-instrumentalist, vocalist, songwriter, visual artist, and record label owner

Mike Johnson, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster

Antti Laaksonen, Finnish ice hockey player

Marianne Timmer, Dutch speed skater

India Arie, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress

Phil Greening, English rugby player and coach

Satoko Ishimine, Japanese singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer

Talib Kweli, American rapper

Alanna Ubach, American actress

Herman Li, Hong Kong-English guitarist and producer

Seann William Scott, American actor and producer

Daniel Hollie, American wrestler

Eric Munson, American baseball player and coach

Luca Tognozzi, Italian footballer

Gerald Asamoah, Ghanaian-German footballer

Neil Clement, English footballer

Claudio Pizarro, Peruvian footballer

Jake Shears, American singer-songwriter

Shannyn Sossamon, American actress

Josh Klinghoffer, American guitarist, songwriter, and producer

John Morrison, American wrestler and actor

Anquan Boldin, American football player

Sheldon Brookbank, Canadian ice hockey player

Lindsey Kelk, English journalist and author

Danny O'Donoghue, Irish singer-songwriter and producer

Héctor Reynoso, Mexican footballer

Ivan Turina, Croatian footballer (died 2013)

Danny Coid, English footballer

Zlatan Ibrahimović, Swedish footballer

Andreas Isaksson, Swedish footballer

Jonna Lee, Swedish singer and musician

Ronald Rauhe, German kayaker

Matt Sparrow, English footballer

Thiago Alves, Brazilian mixed martial artist

Fred, Brazilian footballer

Mark Giordano, Canadian ice hockey player

Andreas Papathanasiou, Cypriot footballer

Tessa Thompson, American actress

Yoon Eun-hye, South Korean singer and actress

Bruno Gervais, Canadian ice hockey player

Jessica Parker Kennedy, Canadian actress

Anthony Le Tallec, French footballer

Chris Marquette, American actor

Gary Neal, American basketball player and coach

Ashlee Simpson, American singer-songwriter and actress

Courtney Lee, American basketball player

Lewis Brown, New Zealand rugby league player

Jackson Martínez, Colombian footballer

Starley, Australian pop singer

Dustin Gazley, American ice hockey player

ASAP Rocky, American rapper and songwriter

Alicia Vikander, Swedish actress

Nate Montana, American football player

Alex Trimble, Irish singer

Johan Le Bon, French cyclist

Jenny McLoughlin, English sprinter

Aki Takajo, Japanese singer

Raffaele Di Gennaro, Italian footballer

Victoria Bosio, Argentinian tennis player

Seth Jones, American ice hockey player

Ayo Edebiri, American actress

Mike Gesicki, American football player

Artyom Zub, Russian ice hockey player

Jin Boyang, Chinese figure skater

Jonathan Isaac, American basketball player

Bang Chan, Australian singer and record producer based in South Korea

CJ Abrams, American baseball player

Anton Lundell, Finnish ice hockey player

Max Plath, Australian rugby league player

C. J. Stroud, American football player

Noah Schnapp, American actor

Gaius Cassius Longinus, Roman politician (born 85 BC)

Elias I of Antioch, Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch.

Ermengarde, queen of the Franks

Muhammad ibn Zayd, Tabaristan emir

Gérard of Brogne, Frankish abbot

Iziaslav I of Kiev (born 1024)

Francis of Assisi, Italian friar and saint (born 1181 or 1182)

Dafydd ap Gruffydd, Welsh prince (born 1238)

Margaret, Countess of Tyrol (born 1318)

Eleanor de Bohun, English noble (born 1360)

Elisabeth of Valois (born 1545)

Florent Chrestien, French poet (born 1541)

Charles, Duke of Mayenne (born 1554)

Giorgi Saakadze, Georgian commander and politician (born 1570)

Giovanni Diodati, Swiss-Italian clergyman and theologian (born 1576)

Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn, Dutch linguist and academic (born 1612)

Myles Standish, English captain (born 1584)

Robert Barclay, Scottish theologian and politician, 2nd Governor of East Jersey (born 1648)

Joseph Williamson, English politician, Secretary of State for the Northern Department (born 1633)

Tula, Curaçao slave leader (date of birth unknown; executed)

Philippe Henri, marquis de Ségur, French general and politician, French Minister of Defence (born 1724)

François, marquis de Chasseloup-Laubat, French general and engineer (born 1754)

Black Hawk, American tribal leader (born 1767)

Rembrandt Peale, American painter and curator (born 1778)

Hedda Hjortsberg, Swedish ballerina (born 1777)

Elias Howe, American engineer, invented the sewing machine (born 1819)

Thora Thersner, Swedish artist (born 1818)

Kintpuash, American tribal leader (born 1837)

James Roosevelt Bayley, American archbishop (born 1814)

Rómulo Díaz de la Vega, Mexican general and president (1855) (born 1800)

Orson Pratt, American mathematician and religious leader (born 1811)

Joseph Hergenröther, German historian and cardinal (born 1824)

Édouard Lucas, French mathematician and theorist (born 1842)

William Morris, English author and poet (born 1834)

Jacob Nash Victor, American engineer (born 1835)

Lucy Hobbs Taylor, American dentist (born 1833)

Rosetta Jane Birks, Australian suffragist (born 1856)

Eduardo Di Capua, Neapolitan composer, singer and songwriter (born 1865)

Jeanne Eagels, American actress (born 1894)

Gustav Stresemann, German politician, Chancellor of Germany, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1878)

Carl Nielsen, Danish violinist, composer, and conductor (born 1865)

John Heisman, American football player and coach (born 1869)

Arnold Bax, English composer and poet (born 1883)

Tochigiyama Moriya, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 27th Yokozuna (born 1892)

Refet Bele, Turkish general (born 1877)

Zachary Scott, American actor (born 1914)

Rolf Maximilian Sievert, Swedish physicist and academic (born 1896)

Woody Guthrie, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1912)

Malcolm Sargent, English organist, composer, and conductor (born 1895)

Skip James, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1902)

Nicos Poulantzas, Greek-French sociologist and philosopher (born 1936)

Friedrich Karm, Estonian footballer (born 1907)

Anna Hedvig Büll, Estonian-German missionary (born 1887)

Vince DiMaggio, American baseball player and manager (born 1912)

Jean Anouilh, French playwright and screenwriter (born 1910)

Kalervo Palsa, Finnish painter (born 1947)

Franz Josef Strauss, Bavarian lieutenant and politician, Minister President of Bavaria (born 1915)

Stefano Casiraghi, Italian-Monegasque businessman (born 1960)

Eleanor Steber, American soprano and educator (born 1914)

Katerina Gogou, Greek actress, poet, and author (born 1940)

Gary Gordon, American sergeant, Medal of Honor recipient (born 1960)

Randy Shughart, American sergeant, Medal of Honor recipient (born 1958)

John C. Champion, American producer and screenwriter (born 1923)

Dub Taylor, American actor (born 1907)

Ma. Po. Si., Indian author and politician (born 1906)

Michael Adekunle Ajasin, Nigerian politician, 3rd Governor of Ondo State (born 1908)

Roddy McDowall, English-American actor (born 1928)

Akio Morita, Japanese businessman, co-founded Sony (born 1921)

Benjamin Orr, American singer-songwriter and bass player (born 1947)

Costas Hajihristos, Greek actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1921)

Bruce Paltrow, American director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1943)

Florence Stanley, American actress (born 1924)

William Steig, American sculptor, author, and illustrator (born 1907)

John Cerutti, American baseball player and sportscaster (born 1960)

Janet Leigh, American actress (born 1927)

Ronnie Barker, English actor and screenwriter (born 1929)

Nurettin Ersin, Turkish general (born 1918)

Lucilla Andrews, Egyptian-Scottish nurse and author (born 1919)

John Crank, English mathematician and physicist (born 1916)

Peter Norman, Australian runner (born 1942)

Alberto Ramento, Filipino bishop (born 1937)

M. N. Vijayan, Indian journalist, author, and academic (born 1930)

Vladimir Beekman, Estonian poet and translator (born 1929)

Ben Mondor, Canadian-American businessman (born 1925)

Abraham Sarmiento, Filipino lawyer and jurist (born 1921)

Abdul Haq Ansari, Indian theologian and scholar (born 1931)

Robert F. Christy, American physicist and astrophysicist (born 1916)

Albie Roles, English footballer (born 1921)

Sari Abacha, Nigerian footballer (born 1978)

Sergei Belov, Russian basketball player and coach (born 1944)

Joan Thirsk, English cryptologist, historian, and academic (born 1922)

Ewen Gilmour, New Zealand comedian and television host (born 1963)

Benedict Groeschel, American priest, psychologist, and talk show host (born 1933)

Jean-Jacques Marcel, French footballer (born 1931)

Kevin Metheny, American businessman (born 1954)

Ward Ruyslinck, Belgian author (born 1929)

Denis Healey, English soldier and politician, Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer (born 1917)

Muhammad Nawaz Khan, Pakistani historian and author (born 1943)

Javed Iqbal, Pakistani philosopher and judge (born 1925)

Todd Akin, American politician (born 1947)

Dan Petrescu, Romanian businessman and billionaire (born 1953)

Thomas Gambino, American mobster, Gambino crime family (born 1929)

Michel Blanc, French actor, writer and director (born 1952)

Pierre Christin, French comics creator and writer (born 1938)

Cid Moreira, Brazilian journalist and television anchor (born 1927)

Mary O'Rourke, Irish politician (born 1937)

Patricia Routledge, English actress and singer (born 1929)