World History of November 22

After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran Palace, while Laurentius is elected Pope in Santa Maria Maggiore.

The first duke of Brittany, Nominoe, defeats the Frankish king Charles the Bald at the Battle of Ballon near Redon.

The Castle of Termes falls to Simon de Montfort after a four-month siege during the Albigensian Crusade.

Frederick II is crowned Holy Roman Emperor in Rome by Pope Honorius III.

Pope Clement V issues the papal bull Pastoralis Praeeminentiae which instructed all Christian monarchs in Europe to arrest all Templars and seize their assets.

Spanish navigator Juan Fernández discovers islands now known as the Juan Fernández Islands off Chile.

Dutch colonial forces on Taiwan launch a pacification campaign against native villages, resulting in Dutch control of the middle and south of the island.

Royal Navy Lieutenant Robert Maynard attacks and boards the vessels of the British pirate Edward Teach (best known as "Blackbeard") off the coast of North Carolina. The casualties on both sides include Maynard's first officer Mister Hyde and Teach himself.

Canadian journalist and politician William Lyon Mackenzie calls for a rebellion against the United Kingdom in his essay "To the People of Upper Canada", published in his newspaper The Constitution.

In Birmingham, England, Albert, Prince Consort lays the foundation stone of the Birmingham and Midland Institute.

In Dumbarton, Scotland, the clipper Cutty Sark is launched.

The French steamer SS Ville du Havre sinks in 12 minutes after colliding with the Scottish iron clipper Loch Earn in the Atlantic, with a loss of 226 lives.

The Congress of Manastir establishes the Albanian alphabet.

During The Troubles in Northern Ireland (1920-1922), 22 Irish Nationalists are killed in Belfast in one day.

The China Clipper inaugurates the first commercial transpacific air service, connecting Alameda, California with Manila.

World War II: Following the initial Italian invasion, Greek troops counterattack into Italian-occupied Albania and capture Korytsa.

World War II: Battle of Stalingrad: General Friedrich Paulus sends Adolf Hitler a telegram saying that the German 6th Army is surrounded.

World War II: Cairo Conference: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Chinese Premier Chiang Kai-shek meet in Cairo, Egypt, to discuss ways to defeat Japan.

Lebanon gains independence from France, nearly two years after it was first announced by the Free French government.

A Douglas C-124 Globemaster II crashes into Mount Gannet, Alaska, killing all 52 aboard.

The Soviet Union launches RDS-37, a 1.6 megaton two stage hydrogen bomb designed by Andrei Sakharov. The bomb was dropped over Semipalatinsk.

U.S. President John F. Kennedy is assassinated and Texas Governor John Connally is seriously wounded by Lee Harvey Oswald, who also kills Dallas Police officer J. D. Tippit after fleeing the scene. Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson is sworn in as the 36th President of the United States afterwards.

Five Indian generals are killed in a helicopter crash, due to collision with two parallel lines of telegraph cables.

UN Security Council Resolution 242 is adopted, establishing a set of the principles aimed at guiding negotiations for an Arab-Israeli peace settlement.

Japan Air Lines Flight 2 accidentally ditches in San Francisco Bay while on approach to San Francisco International Airport. No one is injured.

In Britain's worst mountaineering tragedy, the Cairngorm Plateau Disaster, five children and one of their leaders are found dead from exposure in the Scottish mountains.

Juan Carlos is declared King of Spain following the death of Francisco Franco two days earlier.

The Max Headroom signal hijacking incident takes place, in which a pirate broadcast interrupts television broadcasts in Chicago.

NASA launches Space Shuttle Discovery on STS-33, a classified mission for the United States Department of Defense.

British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher withdraws from the Conservative Party leadership election, confirming the end of her Premiership.

A Trans World Airlines McDonnell Douglas MD-80 and Cessna 441 Conquest II aircraft collide on the runway at St. Louis Lambert International Airport in Bridgeton, Missouri, killing two people and injuring eight.

Baghdad DHL attempted shootdown incident: Shortly after takeoff, a DHL Express cargo plane is struck on the left wing by a surface-to-air missile and forced to land.

The Orange Revolution begins in Ukraine, resulting from the presidential elections.

During the Cambodian water festival, a stampede in Koh Pich, Phnom Penh, kills 347 people.

While playing with a toy gun in Cleveland, 12-year-old African American Tamir Rice is killed by a white police officer.

A shooting at a Walmart in Chesapeake, Virginia leaves seven workers dead, including the shooter, and four others injured.

Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, English nobleman, known as "the Kingmaker" (died 1471)

Mary of Guise, Queen of Scots (died 1560)

Johannes Crato von Krafftheim, German humanist and physician (died 1585)

Alfonso II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara, Italian noble (died 1597)

Henry Brooke, 11th Baron Cobham, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Kent (died 1619)

Elisabeth of France (died 1644)

Francis Willughby, English ornithologist and ichthyologist (died 1672)

René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, French explorer (died 1687)

François Colin de Blamont, French composer (died 1760)

Pierre de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnial, Canadian-American politician, Governor of Louisiana (died 1778)

Wilhelm Friedemann Bach, German composer (died 1784)

Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden (died 1811)

Abigail Adams, American wife of John Adams, 2nd First Lady of the United States (died 1818)

Conradin Kreutzer, German composer (died 1849)

José Cecilio del Valle, Honduran journalist, lawyer, and politician, Foreign Minister of Mexico (died 1834)

Rasmus Rask, Danish linguist, philologist, and scholar (died 1832)

Thomas Cook, English businessman, founded Thomas Cook Group (died 1892)

George Eliot, English novelist and poet (died 1880)

Katherine Plunket, Irish supercentenarian (died 1932)

Christian Rohlfs, German painter and printmaker (died 1938)

Paul-Henri-Benjamin d'Estournelles de Constant, French politician and diplomat, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1924)

George Gissing, English novelist (died 1903)

Cecil Sharp, English folk song scholar (died 1924)

Ranavalona III of Madagascar (died 1917)

Cyrus Edwin Dallin, American sculptor (died 1944)

John Nance Garner, American politician, 32nd Vice President of the United States (died 1967)

André Gide, French novelist, essayist, and dramatist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1951)

Howard Brockway, American composer (died 1951)

Harry Graham, Australian cricketer (died 1911)

Leo Amery, Indian-English journalist and politician, Secretary of State for the Colonies (died 1955)

Johnny Tyldesley, English cricketer (died 1930)

Emil Beyer, American gymnast and triathlete (died 1934)

Endre Ady, Hungarian journalist and poet (died 1919)

Joan Gamper, Swiss-Spanish footballer, founded FC Barcelona (died 1930)

Enver Pasha, Ottoman general and politician (died 1922)

C. J. "Jack" De Garis, Australian entrepreneur (died 1926)

Charles de Gaulle, French general and politician, President of France (died 1970)

Harry Pollitt, British politician and trade unionist, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Great Britain (died 1960)

Edward Bernays, American publicist (died 1995)

Harley Earl, American industrial designer (died 1969)

Lazar Kaganovich, Soviet politician (died 1991)

Wiley Post, American pilot (died 1935)

Hoagy Carmichael, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and actor (died 1981)

Béla Juhos, Hungarian-Austrian philosopher from the Vienna Circle (died 1971)

Joaquín Rodrigo, Spanish pianist and composer (died 1999)

Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque, French general (died 1947)

Emanuel Feuermann, Austrian-American cellist (died 1942)

Miguel Covarrubias, Mexican painter and illustrator (died 1957)

Louis Néel, French physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2000)

Fumio Niwa, Japanese author (died 2005)

Jørgen Juve, Norwegian football player and journalist (died 1983)

Mary Jackson, American actress (died 2005)

Ralph Guldahl, American golfer (died 1987)

Doris Duke, American heiress and philanthropist (died 1993)

Benjamin Britten, English pianist, composer, and conductor (died 1976)

Gardnar Mulloy, American tennis player (died 2016)

Peter Townsend, British captain and pilot (died 1995)

Oswald Morris, British cinematographer (died 2014)

Jon Cleary, Australian author and playwright (died 2010)

Andrew Huxley, English physiologist and biophysicist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2012)

Mick Shann, Australian diplomat (died 1988)

Claiborne Pell, American politician (died 2009)

Máire Drumm, Irish politician (died 1976)

Anne Crawford, British actress (died 1956)

Baidyanath Misra, Indian economist (died 2019)

Brian Cleeve, Irish writer and broadcaster (died 2003)

Rodney Dangerfield, American comedian, actor, rapper, and screenwriter (died 2004)

Eugene Stoner, American engineer and weapons designer, designed the AR-15 rifle (died 1997)

Dennis Wrong, Canadian-born American sociologist (2018)

Arthur Hiller, Canadian-American director (died 2016)

Dika Newlin, American composer and singer (died 2006)

Les Johnson, Australian politician (died 2015)

Geraldine Page, American actress and singer (died 1987)

Jerrie Mock, American pilot (died 2014)

Gunther Schuller, American horn player, composer, and conductor (died 2015)

Lew Burdette, American baseball player and coach (died 2007)

Steven Muller, American academic administrator (died 2013)

Tim Beaumont, English priest and politician (died 2008)

Mel Hutchins, American basketball player (died 2018)

Staughton Lynd, American lawyer, historian, author, and activist (died 2022)

Peter Hall, English director (died 2017)

Peter Hurford, English organist and composer (died 2019)

Robert Vaughn, American actor and director (died 2016)

Merv Lincoln, Australian Olympic athlete (died 2016)

Rita Sakellariou, Greek singer (died 1999)

Ludmila Belousova, Soviet ice skater (died 2017)

John Bird, English actor, writer and satirist (died 2022)

Zenon Jankowski, Polish pilot and military officer

Nikolai Kapustin, Soviet pianist and composer (died 2020)

John Eleuthère du Pont, American convicted murderer (died 2010)

Tom West, American technologist (died 2011)

Mulayam Singh Yadav, Indian politician, Indian Minister of Defence (died 2022)

Terry Gilliam, American-English actor, director, animator, and screenwriter

Roy Thomas, American author

Andrzej Żuławski, Polish director and screenwriter (died 2016)

Tom Conti, Scottish actor and director

Jacques Laperrière, Canadian ice hockey player and coach

Terry Stafford, American singer-songwriter (died 1996)

Jesse Colin Young, American singer-songwriter and bass player (died 2025)

Guion Bluford, American astronaut

Floyd Sneed, Canadian drummer (died 2023)

Yvan Cournoyer, Canadian ice hockey player

Billie Jean King, American tennis player

Mushtaq Mohammad, Pakistani cricketer

Buzz Potamkin, American director and producer, founded Buzzco Associates (died 2012)

Kari Tapio, Finnish singer (died 2010)

Gary Hilton, American serial killer

Sandy Alderson, American baseball executive

Rod Price, English guitarist and songwriter (died 2005)

Nevio Scala, Italian footballer and manager

Salt Walther, American race car driver (died 2012)

Valerie Wilson Wesley, American journalist and author

Radomir Antić, Serbian footballer and manager (died 2020)

Saroj Khan, Indian dance choreographer, known as "The Mother of Dance/Choreography in India" (died 2020)

Mick Rock, English photographer (died 2021)

Richard Carmona, American physician and politician, Surgeon General of the United States

Lyman Bostock, American baseball player (died 1978)

Jim Jefferies, Scottish footballer and manager

Steven Van Zandt, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer, and actor

Tina Weymouth, American singer-songwriter and bass player

Kent Nagano, American conductor

Wayne Larkins, English cricketer

Denise Epoté, Cameroonian journalist at the head of the Africa management of TV5 Monde

Paolo Gentiloni, Italian politician, Prime Minister of Italy

Carol Tomcala, Australian sports shooter

George Alagiah, British journalist (died 2023)

James Edwards, American basketball player

Lawrence Gowan, Scottish-Canadian singer-songwriter and keyboard player

Richard Kind, American actor

Donny Deutsch, American businessman and television host

Alan Stern, American engineer and planetary scientist

Jamie Lee Curtis, American actress

Lee Guetterman, American baseball player

Ibrahim Ismail of Johor, Sultan of Johor and the 17th and current Yang Di Pertuan Agong or the King of Malaysia

Jason Ringenberg, American singer-songwriter and guitarist

Frank McAvennie, Scottish footballer

Fabio Parra, Colombian cyclist

Leos Carax, French actor, director, and screenwriter

Mariel Hemingway, American actress

Stephen Hough, English-Australian pianist and composer

Sumi Jo, South Korean soprano

Victor Pelevin, Russian author

Hugh Millen, American football player

Tony Mowbray, English footballer and manager

Kennedy Polamalu, Samoan-American football player and coach

Brian Robbins, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter

Apetor, Norwegian YouTuber (died 2021)

Benoit Benjamin, American basketball player

Stephen Geoffreys, American actor

Robbie Slater, English-Australian footballer and sportscaster

Valeriya Gansvind, Estonian chess player

Olga Kisseleva, Russian artist

Mads Mikkelsen, Danish actor

Mark Pritchard, English politician

Nicholas Rowe, British actor

Michael K. Williams, American actor (died 2021)

Boris Becker, German tennis player

Tom Elliott, Australian investment banker

Mark Ruffalo, American actor

Bart Veldkamp, Dutch-Belgian speed skater and coach

Daedra Charles, American basketball player and coach (died 2018)

Sidse Babett Knudsen, Danish actress

Byron Houston, American basketball player

Marjane Satrapi, Iranian author and illustrator

Marvan Atapattu, Sri Lankan cricketer

Chris Fryar, American drummer

Stel Pavlou, English author and screenwriter

Cath Bishop, English rower

Kyran Bracken, Irish-English rugby player

Olivier Brouzet, French rugby player

Russell Hoult, English footballer

Jay Payton, American baseball player

Sharin Foo, Danish musician and singer

Andrew Walker, Australian rugby player

Joe Nathan, American baseball player

David Pelletier, Canadian figure skater and coach

Adrian Bakalli, Belgian footballer

Torsten Frings, German footballer and coach

Regina Halmich, German boxer

Ville Valo, Finnish singer-songwriter

Kerem Gönlüm, Turkish basketball player

Colin Best, Australian rugby league player

Christian Terlizzi, Italian footballer

David Artell, English footballer and coach

Shawn Fanning, American computer programmer and businessman, founded Napster

Yaroslav Rybakov, Russian high jumper

Pape Sow, Senegalese basketball player

Xavier Doherty, Australian cricketer

Derrick Johnson, American football player

Yakubu, Nigerian footballer

Tyler Hilton, American actor and singer-songwriter

Peter Ramage, English footballer

Scarlett Johansson, American actress

Asamoah Gyan, Ghanaian footballer

Dieumerci Mbokani, Congolese footballer

Mandy Minella, Luxembourgian tennis player

Adam Ottavino, American baseball player

James Roby, English rugby league player

Oscar Pistorius, South African sprinter and convicted murderer

Martti Aljand, Estonian swimmer

Elias, American wrestler

Marouane Fellaini, Belgian footballer

Jamie Campbell Bower, English actor, singer, and model

Drew Pomeranz, American baseball player

Austin Romine, American baseball player

Alden Ehrenreich, American actor

Candice Glover, American singer

Chris Smalling, English footballer

Gabriel Torje, Romanian footballer

Brock Osweiler, American football player

Jang Dong-woo, South Korean singer and actor

Tarik Black, American basketball player

Natalie Achonwa, Canadian basketball player

Carles Gil, Spanish footballer

Vladislav Namestnikov, Russian ice hockey player

Dacre Montgomery, Australian actor

Nicolás Stefanelli, Argentine footballer

Keiji Tanaka, Japanese figure skater

Samantha Bricio, Mexican volleyball player

Katherine McNamara, American actress

Hailey Bieber, American model

Mackenzie Lintz, American actress

JuJu Smith-Schuster, American football player

Woozi, South Korean singer, songwriter, record producer, member of boy band Seventeen

Trey McBride, American football player

Dwight McNeil, English footballer

Auliʻi Cravalho, American actress and singer

Chenle, Chinese singer

Brandon Miller, American basketball player

Owen Power, Canadian ice hockey player

Antipope Felix II

Lothair II of Italy (born 926)

As-Salih Ayyub, ruler of Egypt

Eric V of Denmark (born 1249)

Mikhail of Tver (born 1271)

John Lambert, English Protestant martyr

Ahmed I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and Caliph of Islam (born 1590)

John Tillotson, English archbishop (born 1630)

Libéral Bruant, French architect and academic, designed Les Invalides (born c. 1635)

Blackbeard, English pirate (born 1680)

Richard Edgcumbe, 1st Baron Edgcumbe, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Cornwall (born 1680)

Robert Clive, English general, politician and first British governor of Bengal (born 1725)

Johann Christian Reil, German physician, physiologist, and anatomist (born 1759)

John Stackhouse, English botanist (born 1742)

Oscar James Dunn, African American activist and politician, Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana 1868-1871 (born 1826)

Henry Wilson, American politician, 18th Vice President of the United States (born 1812)

Mary Boykin Chesnut, American author (born 1823)

George Washington Gale Ferris Jr., American engineer, invented the Ferris wheel (born 1859)

Arthur Sullivan, English composer (born 1842)

Walter Reed, American physician and entomologist (born 1851)

Tokugawa Yoshinobu, Japanese shōgun (born 1837)

Jack London, American novelist and journalist (born 1876)

Francisco Moreno, Argentinian explorer and academic (born 1852)

Edward J. Adams, American serial/spree killer and bank robber (born 1887)

Andy O'Sullivan, Irish Republican died in the 1923 Irish hunger strikes

Werner Mölders, German colonel and pilot (born 1913)

Lorenz Hart, American composer (born 1895)

Arthur Eddington, English astrophysicist and astronomer (born 1882)

Otto Georg Thierack, German jurist and politician, German Minister of Justice (born 1889)

Shemp Howard, American actor and comedian (born 1895)

Theodore Kosloff, Russian-American actor, ballet dancer, and choreographer (born 1882)

Aldous Huxley, English novelist and philosopher (born 1894)

John F. Kennedy, American politician, 35th President of the United States (born 1917)

C. S. Lewis, British writer, literary scholar, and Anglican lay theologian (born 1898)

J. D. Tippit, American police officer (born 1924)

Herbert Wilkinson Ayre, English footballer (born 1882)

Émile Drain, French actor (born 1890)

Jules Léger, Canadian journalist and politician, Governor General of Canada (born 1913)

Norah McGuinness, Irish painter and illustrator (born 1901)

Mae West, American stage and film actress (born 1893)

Hans Adolf Krebs, German-English physician and biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1900)

Scatman Crothers, American actor and comedian (born 1910)

Luis Barragán, Mexican architect and engineer (born 1902)

René Moawad, Lebanese lawyer and politician, 13th President of Lebanon (born 1925)

Tadashi Imai, Japanese director (born 1912)

Sterling Holloway, American actor (born 1905)

Anthony Burgess, English novelist, playwright, and critic (born 1917)

Tatiana Petrovna Nikolayeva, Soviet pianist, composer, and teacher (born 1924)

Terence Donovan, English photographer and director (born 1936)

Michael Hutchence, Australian singer-songwriter (born 1960)

Stu Ungar, American poker player (born 1953)

Christian Marquand, French actor, director, and screenwriter (born 1927)

Mary Kay Ash, American businesswoman, founded Mary Kay, Inc. (born 1918)

Theo Barker, English historian and academic (born 1923)

Norman Granz, American record producer, founded Verve Records (born 1918)

Parley Baer, American actor (born 1914)

Rafał Gan-Ganowicz, Polish mercenary and journalist (born 1932)

Bruce Hobbs, American jockey and trainer (born 1920)

Asima Chatterjee, Indian chemist (born 1917)

Pat Dobson, American baseball player and coach (born 1942)

Maurice Béjart, French-Swiss dancer, choreographer, and director (born 1927)

Verity Lambert, English television producer (born 1935)

Jean Cione, American baseball player (born 1928)

Frank Fenner, Australian virologist and microbiologist (born 1914)

Svetlana Alliluyeva, Russian-American author (born 1926)

Sena Jurinac, Bosnian-Austrian soprano (born 1921)

Lynn Margulis, American biologist and academic (born 1938)

Paul Motian, American drummer and composer (born 1931)

Bryce Courtenay, South African-Australian author (born 1933)

Tom Gilmartin, Irish businessman (born 1935)

Georges Lautner, French director and screenwriter (born 1926)

Alec Reid, Irish priest and activist (born 1931)

Salahuddin Quader Chowdhury, Bangladeshi politician (born 1949)

Ali Ahsan Mohammad Mojaheed, Bangladeshi politician (born 1948)

Kim Young-sam, South Korean soldier and politician, President of South Korea (born 1927)

M. Balamuralikrishna, Indian vocalist and singer (born 1930)

George Avakian, American music producer (born 1919)

Dmitri Hvorostovsky, Russian operatic baritone (born 1962)

Tommy Keene, American singer-songwriter (born 1958)

Otto Hutter, Austrian-born British physiologist (born 1924)

John Y. Brown Jr., American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 55th Governor of Kentucky (born 1933)

Serge Vohor, Vanuatuan politician, 4th Prime Minister of Vanuatu (born 1955)