World History of May 23

Joan of Arc is captured at the Siege of Compiègne by troops from the Burgundian faction.

Girolamo Savonarola is burned at the stake in Florence, Italy.

The marriage of King Henry VIII to Catherine of Aragon is declared null and void.

Dutch rebels led by Louis of Nassau defeat Jean de Ligne and his loyalist troops in the Battle of Heiligerlee, opening the Eighty Years' War.

Official ratification of the Second Virginia Charter takes place.

The Third Defenestration of Prague precipitates the Thirty Years' War.

John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, defeats a French army under Marshal François de Neufville, duc de Villeroy at the Battle of Ramillies.

South Carolina became the eighth state to ratify the United States Constitution.

Battle of Famars during the Flanders Campaign of the War of the First Coalition.

Accordion patent granted to Cyrill Demian in Vienna, Austrian Empire.

Báb: A merchant of Shiraz announces that he is a Prophet and founds a religious movement. He is considered to be a forerunner of the Baháʼí Faith.

Mexican-American War: President Mariano Paredes of Mexico unofficially declares war on the United States.

The General German Workers' Association, a precursor of the modern Social Democratic Party of Germany, is founded in Leipzig, Kingdom of Saxony.

The Canadian Parliament establishes the North-West Mounted Police, the forerunner of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.

American Civil War: Sergeant William Harvey Carney is awarded the Medal of Honor for his heroism in the Assault on the Battery Wagner in 1863.

Abdul Hamid II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, publicly announces the creation of the Ullah millet for the Aromanians of the empire, which had been established one day earlier. For this reason, the Aromanian National Day is usually celebrated on May 23, although some do so on May 22 instead.

The unicameral Parliament of Finland gathers for its first plenary session.

The New York Public Library is dedicated.

World War I: Italy joins the Allies, fulfilling its part of the Treaty of London.

Sheikh Mahmud Barzanji, a Kurdish sheikh and at-the-time governor of the Slêmanî Province of British Iraq, initiates the first Mahmud Barzanji revolt.

In Brazil, four students are shot and killed during a manifestation against the Brazilian dictator Getúlio Vargas, which resulted in the outbreak of the Constitutionalist Revolution several weeks later.

American bank robbers Bonnie and Clyde are ambushed by police and killed in Bienville Parish, Louisiana.

The Auto-Lite strike culminates in the "Battle of Toledo", a five-day melée between 1,300 troops of the Ohio National Guard and 6,000 picketers.

The U.S. Navy submarine USS Squalus sinks off the coast of New Hampshire during a test dive, causing the death of 24 sailors and two civilian technicians. The remaining 32 sailors and one civilian naval architect are rescued the following day.

World War II: German paratroopers start a series of mass executions of Greek civilians in Missiria for their participation in the ongoing Battle of Crete.

World War II: Heinrich Himmler, head of the Schutzstaffel, commits suicide while in Allied custody.

World War II: Germany's Flensburg Government under Karl Dönitz is dissolved when its members are arrested by British forces.

The start of a two-day tornado outbreak across the Central United States that spawned at least 15 significant tornadoes.

Thomas C. Wasson, the US Consul-General, is assassinated in Jerusalem, Israel.

Cold War: The Western occupying powers approve the Basic Law and establish a new German state, the Federal Republic of Germany.

Tibetans sign the Seventeen Point Agreement with China.

A tsunami caused by an earthquake in Chile the previous day kills 61 people in Hilo, Hawaii.

Seventy-eight people are killed when Aviogenex Flight 130 crashes on approach to Rijeka Airport in present-day Rijeka, Croatia (then the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia).

The Intercontinental Hotel in Bucharest opens, becoming the second-tallest building in the city.

A Tupolev Tu-144 crashes near the Russian town of Yegoryevsk, killing two.

Aeroflot Flight 8556 crashes at Pulkovo Airport, killing 13.

Italy's most prominent anti-mafia judge Giovanni Falcone, his wife and three body guards are killed by the Corleonesi clan with a half-ton bomb near Capaci, Sicily. His friend and colleague Paolo Borsellino will be assassinated less than two months later, making 1992 a turning point in the history of Italian Mafia prosecutions.

The first version of the Java programming language is released.

The Good Friday Agreement is accepted in a referendum in Northern Ireland with roughly 75% voting yes.

The "55 parties" clause of the Kyoto Protocol is reached after its ratification by Iceland.

Alaskan stratovolcano Mount Cleveland erupts.

The International Court of Justice (ICJ) awards Middle Rocks to Malaysia and Pedra Branca (Pulau Batu Puteh) to Singapore, ending a 29-year territorial dispute between the two countries.

A freeway bridge carrying Interstate 5 over the Skagit River collapses in Mount Vernon, Washington.

Seven people, including the perpetrator, are killed and another 14 injured in a killing spree near the campus of University of California, Santa Barbara.

At least 30 people are killed as a result of floods and tornadoes in Texas, Oklahoma, and northern Mexico.

Two suicide bombings, conducted by the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, kill at least 45 potential army recruits in Aden, Yemen.

Eight bombings are carried out by the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria in Jableh and Tartus, coastline cities in Syria. One hundred eighty-four people are killed and at least 200 people injured.

Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte declares martial law in Mindanao, following the Maute's attack in Marawi.

A cable car falls from a mountain near Lake Maggiore in northern Italy, killing 14 people.

Ryanair Flight 4978 is forced to land by Belarusian authorities to detain dissident journalist Roman Protasevich.

Anthony Albanese of the Australian Labor Party is sworn in as the 31st Prime Minister of Australia after winning the 2022 Australian federal election, ending 9 years of conservative rule.

Kʼinich Kan Bahlam II, Mayan king (died 702)

Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar II, King of Mutharaiyar dynasty, Tamil Nadu, India

Philip I of France (died 1108)

Emperor Qinzong of Song (died 1161)

Uijong of Goryeo, Korean monarch of the Goryeo dynasty (died 1173)

Gongmin of Goryeo, Korean ruler (died 1374)

Paul Siefert, German composer and organist (died 1666)

Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz, Spanish mathematician and philosopher (died 1682)

Bertholet Flemalle, Flemish Baroque painter (died 1675)

Elias Ashmole, English astrologer and politician (died 1692)

William VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, noble of Hesse-Kassel (died 1663)

Carl Linnaeus, Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist (died 1778)

William Hunter, Scottish-English anatomist and physician (died 1783)

Giuseppe Parini, Italian poet and educator (died 1799)

Prince Augustus Ferdinand of Prussia, Prussian prince and general (died 1813)

Franz Mesmer, German physician and astrologer (died 1815)

Andrea Luchesi, Italian organist and composer (died 1801)

Franz Schlik, Austrian earl and general (died 1862)

Jules Dumont d'Urville, French admiral and explorer (died 1842)

James Pradier, French neoclassical sculptor (died 1852)

Ignaz Moscheles, Czech pianist and composer (died 1870)

Charles Barry, English architect, designed the Upper Brook Street Chapel and Halifax Town Hall (died 1860)

Rómulo Díaz de la Vega, Mexican general and president (1855) (died 1877)

Margaret Fuller, American journalist and critic (died 1850)

Manuel Robles Pezuela, Unconstitutional Mexican interim president (died 1862)

James Buchanan Eads, American engineer, designed the Eads Bridge (died 1887)

Lorenzo Sawyer, American lawyer and judge (died 1891)

Ambrose Burnside, American general and politician, 30th Governor of Rhode Island (died 1881)

Jānis Frīdrihs Baumanis, Latvian architect (died 1891)

Carl Bloch, Danish painter and academic (died 1890)

Anatole Mallet, Swiss mechanical engineer and inventor (died 1919)

Józef Wieniawski, Polish pianist and composer (died 1912)

Amaldus Nielsen, Norwegian painter (died 1932)

George Throssell, Irish-Australian politician, 2nd Premier of Western Australia (died 1910)

ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, Iranian religious leader (died 1921)

Otto Lilienthal, German pilot and engineer (died 1896)

Isabella Ford, English author and activist (died 1924)

József Rippl-Rónai, Hungarian painter (died 1927)

Władysław Horodecki, Polish architect (died 1930)

William O'Connor, American fencer (died 1939)

Epitácio Pessoa, Brazilian jurist and politician, 11th President of Brazil (died 1942)

Alfred P. Sloan, American businessman and philanthropist (died 1966)

William Halpenny, Canadian pole vaulter (died 1960)

Douglas Fairbanks, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (died 1939)

Corrado Gini, Italian sociologist and demographer (died 1965)

Thoralf Skolem, Norwegian mathematician and theorist (died 1963)

Nikolai Vekšin, Estonian-Russian sailor and captain (died 1951)

C. R. M. F. Cruttwell, English historian (died 1941)

Adriaan Roland Holst, Dutch writer (died 1976)

Zack Wheat, American baseball player and police officer (died 1972)

Ernst Niekisch, German educator and politician (died 1967)

Herbert Marshall, English-American actor and singer (died 1966)

Pär Lagerkvist, Swedish novelist, playwright, and poet, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1974)

Albert Spencer, 7th Earl Spencer, British peer (died 1975)

Felix Steiner, Russian-German SS officer (died 1966)

Jimmie Guthrie, Scottish motorcycle racer (died 1937)

Scott O'Dell, American soldier, journalist, and author (died 1989)

Josef Terboven, German soldier and politician (died 1945)

Jeralean Talley, American super-centenarian (died 2015)

Hans Frank, German lawyer and politician (died 1946)

Franz Leopold Neumann, German lawyer and theorist (died 1954)

John Bardeen, American physicist and engineer, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1991)

Hélène Boucher, French pilot (died 1934)

Tomiko Itooka, Japanese supercentenarian (died 2024)

Annemarie Schwarzenbach, Swiss author and photographer (died 1942)

Margaret Wise Brown, American author and educator (died 1952)

Hugh Casson, English architect and academic (died 1999)

Scatman Crothers, American actor and comedian (died 1986)

Franz Kline, American painter and academic (died 1962)

Artie Shaw, American clarinet player, composer, and bandleader (died 2004)

Lou Brouillard, Canadian boxer (died 1984)

Paul Augustin Mayer, German cardinal (died 2010)

Betty Nuthall, English tennis player (died 1983)

Jean Françaix, French pianist and composer (died 1997)

John Payne, American actor (died 1989)

Harold Hitchcock, English visionary landscape artist (died 2009)

Celestine Sibley, American journalist and author (died 1999)

Barbara Ward, Baroness Jackson of Lodsworth, English economist, journalist, and prominent Catholic layperson (died 1981)

S. Donald Stookey, American physicist and chemist, invented CorningWare (died 2014)

Edward Norton Lorenz, American mathematician and meteorologist (died 2008)

Denis Compton, English cricketer and sportscaster (died 1997)

Robert Bernstein, American author and playwright (died 1988)

Ruth Fernández, Puerto Rican contralto and a member of the Puerto Rican Senate (died 2012)

Betty Garrett, American actress, singer, and dancer (died 2011)

Helen O'Connell, American singer (died 1993)

Humphrey Lyttelton, British jazz musician and broadcaster (died 2008)

Alicia de Larrocha, Catalan-Spanish pianist (died 2009)

Irving Millman, American virologist and microbiologist (died 2012)

Karlheinz Deschner, German author and activist (died 2014)

Joshua Lederberg, American biologist and geneticist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2008)

Basil Salvadore D'Souza, Indian bishop (died 1996)

Joe Slovo, Lithuanian-South African activist and politician (died 1995)

Rosemary Clooney, American singer and actress (died 2002)

Nigel Davenport, English actor (died 2013)

Nina Otkalenko, Russian runner (died 2015)

Ulla Jacobsson, Swedish-Austrian actress (died 1982)

Friedrich Achleitner, German poet and critic (died 2019)

Barbara Barrie, American actress

Kevork Ajemian, Syrian-French journalist and author (died 1998)

Joan Collins, English actress

Ove Fundin, Swedish motorcycle racer

Robert Moog, electronic engineer and inventor of the Moog synthesizer (died 2005)

Lasse Strömstedt, Swedish author (died 2009)

Ingeborg Hallstein, German soprano and actress

Charles Kimbrough, American actor (died 2023)

Michel Colombier, French-American composer and conductor (died 2004)

Reinhard Hauff, German director and screenwriter

Bjørn Johansen (musician), Norwegian saxophonist (died 2002)

Gérard Larrousse, French race car driver

Cora Sadosky, Argentinian mathematician and academic (died 2010)

Zalman King, American director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2012)

Rod Thorn, American basketball player, coach, and executive

Gabriel Liiceanu, Romanian philosopher, author, and academic

Kovelamudi Raghavendra Rao, Indian director, screenwriter, and choreographer

Peter Kenilorea, Solomon Islands politician, 1st Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (died 2016)

John Newcombe, Australian tennis player and sportscaster

Padmarajan, Indian director, screenwriter, and author (died 1991)

David Graham, Australian golfer

Jane Kenyon, American poet and translator (died 1995)

Myriam Boyer, French actress, director, and producer

Daniel DiNardo, American cardinal

Alan García, Peruvian lawyer and politician, 61st and 64th President of Peru (died 2019)

Martin McGuinness, Irish republican and Sinn Féin politician, Deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland (died 2017)

Richard Chase, American serial killer (died 1980)

Anatoly Karpov, Russian chess player

Antonis Samaras, Greek economist and politician, 185th Prime Minister of Greece

Martin Parr, English photographer and journalist

Gerry Armstrong, Northern Irish international footballer

Marvelous Marvin Hagler, American boxer and actor (died 2021)

Luka Bloom, Irish singer-songwriter and guitarist

Andrea Pazienza, Italian illustrator and painter (died 1988)

Ursula Plassnik, Austrian politician and diplomat, Foreign Minister of Austria

Buck Showalter, American baseball player, coach, and manager

Mitch Albom, American journalist, author, and screenwriter

Drew Carey, American actor, game show host, and entrepreneur

Lea DeLaria, American actress and singer

Marcella Mesker, Dutch tennis player and sportscaster

Linden Ashby, American actor

Daniele Massaro, Italian footballer and manager

Norrie May-Welby, Scottish Australian gender activist

Karen Duffy, American actress

Viviane Baladi, Swiss mathematician

Ruth Metzler, Swiss lawyer and politician

Manuel Sanchís Hontiyuelo, Spanish footballer

Tom Tykwer, German director, producer, screenwriter, and composer

Melissa McBride, American actress

Paul Sironen, Australian rugby league player

H. Jon Benjamin, American actor, comedian, writer, and producer

Graeme Hick, Zimbabwean-English cricketer and coach

Gary Roberts, Canadian ice hockey player and coach

Luís Roberto Alves, Mexican footballer

Anna Ibrisagic, Swedish politician

Philip Selway, English musician

Guinevere Turner, American actress and screenwriter

Bryan Herta, American race car driver and businessman, co-founded Bryan Herta Autosport

George Osborne, English journalist and politician, former Chancellor of the Exchequer

Rubens Barrichello, Brazilian race car driver

Poppy King, Australian entrepreneur

Martin Saggers, English cricketer and umpire

Maxwell, American singer-songwriter and producer

Jewel, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, actress, and poet

Manuela Schwesig, German politician, German Federal Minister of Family Affairs

Ricardinho, Brazilian footballer and manager

Andy Selva, Sammarinese footballer and manager

Richard Ayoade, British actor, director and writer

Ilia Kulik, Russian figure skater

Scott Raynor, American drummer

Rasual Butler, American basketball player (died 2018)

Brian Campbell, Canadian ice hockey player

Theofanis Gekas, Greek footballer

Chris Gethard, American actor, comedian and writer

Ben Ross, Australian rugby league player

Tim Robinson, American comedian, actor, and screenwriter

Silvio Proto, Belgian-Italian footballer

Hugo Almeida, Portuguese footballer

Sebastián Fernández, Uruguayan footballer

Teymuraz Gabashvili, Russian tennis player

Wim Stroetinga, Dutch cyclist

Ross Wallace, Scottish footballer

Ryan Coogler, American film director and screenwriter

Alexei Sitnikov, Russian-Azerbaijani figure skater

Alice Tait, Australian swimmer

Ruben Zadkovich, Australian footballer

Gracie Otto, Australian actress, director, producer, and screenwriter

Bray Wyatt, American wrestler (died 2023)

Rosanna Crawford, Canadian biathlete

Angelo Ogbonna, Italian footballer

Morgan Pressel, American golfer

Ezequiel Schelotto, Italian footballer

Dan Evans, British tennis player

Kristína Kučová, Slovakian tennis player

Oliver Venno, Estonian volleyball player

Aaron Donald, American football player

Lena Meyer-Landrut, German singer-songwriter

César Pinares, Chilean footballer

Laerte do Vando, Brazilian politician

Katharina Althaus, German ski jumper

Emmanuel Boateng, Ghanaian footballer

Răzvan Marin, Romanian footballer

Çağlar Söyüncü, Turkish footballer

Pedro Chirivella, Spanish footballer

Coy Craft, American footballer

Joe Gomez, English footballer

Maximilian Kilman, English footballer

Gustaf Nilsson, Swedish footballer

Sam Timmins, New Zealand basketball player

Sérgio Sette Câmara, Brazilian racing driver

Salwa Eid Naser, Bahraini track and field sprinter

Luca de la Torre, American soccer player

James Charles, American internet personality

Trinidad Cardona, American singer and songwriter

Sandro Mamukelashvili, Georgian-American basketball player

Felipe Drugovich, Brazilian-Italian racing driver

Israel Reyes, Mexican footballer

Brennan Johnson, Welsh footballer

Alexandra Eala, Filipino tennis player

Rayane Messi, French footballer

Urban I, pope of the Catholic Church

Li Sizhao, Chinese general and governor

Guibert of Gembloux, Frankish abbot (born 892)

Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor (born 1086)

Jehan de Lescurel, French poet and composer

Alice de Warenne, Countess of Arundel, English noble (born 1287)

Toghon Temür, Mongol emperor (born 1320)

Antipope Benedict XIII (born 1328)

Girolamo Savonarola, Italian friar and preacher (born 1452)

Ashikaga Yoshitane, Japanese shōgun (born 1466)

Ismail I, First Emperor of Safavid Empire (born 1487)

John Blitheman, English organist and composer (born 1525)

John Gauden, English bishop (born 1605)

Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (born 1610)

Adrien Auzout, French astronomer and instrument maker (born 1622)

William Kidd, Scottish pirate (born 1645)

Abraham ben Abraham, Polish martyr (born 1700)

William Bradford, English-American printer (born 1663)

John Wood, the Elder, English architect, designed The Circus and Queen Square (born 1704)

James Otis Jr., American lawyer and politician (born 1725)

Géraud Duroc, French general and diplomat (born 1772)

Gotthilf Heinrich Ernst Muhlenberg, American clergyman and botanist (born 1753)

Franz Xaver von Baader, German philosopher and theologian (born 1765)

Charles Robert Malden, English lieutenant and explorer (born 1797)

Augustin-Louis Cauchy, French mathematician and academic (born 1789)

Kit Carson, American general (born 1809)

Leopold von Ranke, German historian and academic (born 1795)

Anton von Schmerling, Austrian politician (born 1805)

Franz Ernst Neumann, German mineralogist, physicist, and mathematician (born 1798)

Henrik Ibsen, Norwegian director, playwright, and poet (born 1828)

François Coppée, French poet and author (born 1842)

Svetozar Boroević, Croatian-Austrian field marshal (born 1856)

August Nilsson, Swedish shot putter and tug of war competitor (born 1872)

Clyde Barrow, American criminal (born 1909)

Mihkel Martna, Estonian journalist and politician (born 1860)

Bonnie Parker, American criminal (born 1910)

John D. Rockefeller, American businessman and philanthropist, founded the Standard Oil Company and Rockefeller University (born 1839)

Frederick Ruple, Swiss-American painter (born 1871)

Panagiotis Toundas, Greek composer and conductor (born 1886)

Heinrich Himmler, German commander and politician, Reich Minister of the Interior and head of the SS (born 1900)

Charles-Ferdinand Ramuz, Swiss author and poet (born 1878)

Jan Frans De Boever, Belgian painter and illustrator (born 1872)

Gustav Suits, Latvian-Estonian poet and politician (born 1883)

Georges Claude, French engineer and inventor, created Neon lighting (born 1870)

Louis Coatalen, French engineer (born 1879)

August Jakobson, Estonian author and politician (born 1904)

David Smith, American sculptor (born 1906)

Moms Mabley, American comedian and actor (born 1894)

S. Selvanayagam, Sri Lankan geographer and academic (born 1932)

Gene Green, American baseball player (born 1933)

Rayner Heppenstall, English author and poet (born 1911)

George Jessel, American actor, singer, and producer (born 1898)

David Lewis, Belarusian-Canadian lawyer and politician (born 1909)

Sterling Hayden, American actor (born 1916)

Georgy Tovstonogov, Russian director and producer (born 1915)

Karl Koch, German computer hacker (born 1965)

Wilhelm Kempff, German pianist and composer (born 1895)

Jean Van Houtte, Belgian academic and politician, 50th Prime Minister of Belgium (born 1907)

Fletcher Markle, Canadian director, screenwriter, and producer (born 1921)

Kostas Davourlis, Greek footballer (born 1948)

Giovanni Falcone, Italian lawyer and judge (born 1939)

Olav Hauge, Norwegian poet (born 1908)

Kronid Lyubarsky, Russian journalist and activist (born 1934)

Telford Taylor, American general and lawyer (born 1908)

Owen Hart, Canadian-American wrestler (born 1965)

Big Bill Neidjie, Australian activist and last speaker of the Gaagudju language (born c. 1920)

Sam Snead, American golfer and journalist (born 1912)

Lloyd Bentsen, American colonel and politician, 69th United States Secretary of the Treasury (born 1921)

Kazimierz Górski, Polish footballer and manager (born 1921)

Iñaki Ochoa de Olza, Spanish mountaineer (born 1967)

Utah Phillips, American singer-songwriter and poet (born 1935)

Roh Moo-hyun, South Korean soldier and politician, 9th President of South Korea (born 1946)

José Lima, Dominican-American baseball player (born 1972)

Simon Monjack, English director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1970)

Xavier Tondo, Spanish cyclist (born 1978)

Paul Fussell, American historian, author, and academic (born 1924)

Epy Guerrero, Dominican baseball player, coach, and scout (born 1942)

Hayri Kozakçıoğlu, Turkish police officer and politician, 15th Governor of Istanbul Province (born 1938)

Georges Moustaki, Egyptian-French singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1934)

Flynn Robinson, American basketball player (born 1941)

Mikhail Egorovich Alekseev, Russian linguist and academic (born 1949)

Madhav Mantri, Indian cricketer (born 1921)

Anne Meara, American actress, comedian and playwright (born 1929)

Aleksey Mozgovoy, Pro-Russian Ukrainian separatist leader (born 1975)

Alicia Nash, Salvadoran-American physicist and engineer (born 1933)

John Forbes Nash Jr., American mathematician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1928)

Roger Moore, English actor (born 1927)

Hana Kimura, Japanese professional wrestler (born 1997)

Ron Hill, English long-distance runner (born 1938)

Eric Carle, American children's book designer, illustrator, and writer best known for The Very Hungry Caterpillar (born 1929)

Caleb Carr, American military historian and author (born 1955)

Morgan Spurlock, American filmmaker (born 1970)