World History of March 1

Emperor Diocletian and Maximian appoint Constantius Chlorus and Galerius as Caesars. This is considered the beginning of the Tetrarchy, known as the Quattuor Principes Mundi ("Four Rulers of the World").

Vetranio proclaims himself Caesar after being encouraged to do so by Constantina, sister of Constantius II.

Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia.

Emperor Louis the Pious is restored as sole ruler of the Frankish Empire.

Forces of the Catholic Monarchs engage the combined Portuguese-Castilian armies of Afonso V and Prince John at the Battle of Toro.

Sixty-three Huguenots are massacred in Wassy, France, marking the start of the French Wars of Religion.

Writs issued in February by Charles I of England mandate that every county in England (not just seaport towns) pay ship tax by this date.

Samuel de Champlain reclaims his role as commander of New France on behalf of Cardinal Richelieu.

Sarah Good, Sarah Osborne, and Tituba are brought before local magistrates in Salem Village, Massachusetts, beginning what would become known as the Salem witch trials.

The Articles of Confederation goes into effect in the United States.

The Dutch East India Company is nationalized by the Batavian Republic.

Justice Samuel Chase is acquitted at the end of his impeachment trial before the U.S. Senate.

Leaders of the Mamluk dynasty are killed by Egyptian ruler Muhammad Ali.

Napoleon returns to France from his banishment on Elba.

A convention of delegates from 57 Texas communities convenes in Washington-on-the-Brazos, Texas, to deliberate independence from Mexico.

United States President John Tyler signs a bill authorizing the United States to annex the Republic of Texas.

Nebraska is admitted as the 37th U.S. state.

Marshal F. S. López dies during the Battle of Cerro Corá thus marking the end of the Paraguayan War.

The victorious Prussian Army parades through Paris, France, after the end of the Siege of Paris during the Franco-Prussian War.

Yellowstone National Park is established as the world's first national park.

Electrical engineer Nikola Tesla gives the first public demonstration of radio in St. Louis, Missouri.

Battle of Adwa: An Ethiopian army defeats an outnumbered Italian force, ending the First Italo-Ethiopian War.

Henri Becquerel discovers radioactive decay.

The Australian Army is formed.

The deadliest avalanche in United States history buries a Great Northern Railway train in northeastern King County, Washington, killing 96 people.

China joins the Universal Postal Union.

The Zimmermann Telegram is reprinted in newspapers across the United States after the U.S. government releases its unencrypted text.

March 1st Movement begins in Korea under Japanese rule.

The Australian cricket team captained by Warwick Armstrong becomes the first team to complete a whitewash of The Ashes, something that would not be repeated for 86 years.

Following mass protests in Petrograd demanding greater freedom in the RSFSR, the Kronstadt rebellion begins, with sailors and citizens taking up arms against the Bolsheviks.

Aviator Charles Lindbergh's 20-month-old son Charles Jr is kidnapped from his home in East Amwell, New Jersey. His body would not be found until May 12.

An Imperial Japanese Army ammunition dump explodes at Hirakata, Osaka, Japan, killing 94.

World War II: Bulgaria signs the Tripartite Pact, allying itself with the Axis powers.

World War II: Japanese forces land on Java, the main island of the Dutch East Indies, at Merak and Banten Bay (Banten), Eretan Wetan (Indramayu) and Kragan (Rembang).

The Bank of England is nationalised.

The International Monetary Fund begins financial operations.

Cold War: Klaus Fuchs is convicted of spying for the Soviet Union by disclosing top secret atomic bomb data.

Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin suffers a stroke and collapses; he dies four days later.

Nuclear weapons testing: The Castle Bravo, a 15-megaton hydrogen bomb, is detonated on Bikini Atoll in the Pacific Ocean, resulting in the worst radioactive contamination ever caused by the United States.

Armed Puerto Rican nationalists attack the United States Capitol building, injuring five Representatives.

The International Air Transport Association finalizes a draft of the Radiotelephony spelling alphabet for the International Civil Aviation Organization.

Formation of the East German Nationale Volksarmee.

Samuel Alphonsus Stritch is appointed Pro-Prefect of the Propagation of Faith and thus becomes the first U.S. member of the Roman Curia.

Uganda becomes self-governing and holds its first elections.

American Airlines Flight 1 crashes into Jamaica Bay in New York, killing 95.

Villarrica Volcano begins a strombolian eruption causing lahars that destroy half of the town of Coñaripe.

Paradise Airlines Flight 901A crashes near Lake Tahoe, Nevada, killing 85.

Venera 3 Soviet space probe crashes on Venus becoming the first spacecraft to land on another planet's surface.

The Ba'ath Party takes power in Syria.

President of Pakistan Yahya Khan indefinitely postpones the pending national assembly session, precipitating massive civil disobedience in East Pakistan.

Black September storms the Saudi embassy in Khartoum, Sudan, resulting in the assassination of three Western hostages.

Watergate scandal: Seven are indicted for their role in the Watergate break-in and charged with conspiracy to obstruct justice.

Provisional Irish Republican Army member Bobby Sands begins his hunger strike in HM Prison Maze.

Steve Jackson Games is raided by the United States Secret Service, prompting the later formation of the Electronic Frontier Foundation.

Uprisings against Saddam Hussein begin in Iraq, leading to the deaths of more than 25,000 people, mostly civilians.

Bosnia and Herzegovina declares its independence from Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

Titanic became the first film to gross over $1 billion worldwide.

U.S. invasion of Afghanistan: Operation Anaconda begins in eastern Afghanistan.

The Envisat environmental satellite successfully launches aboard an Ariane 5 rocket to reach an orbit of 800 km (500 mi) above the Earth, which was the then-largest payload at 10.5 m long and with a diameter of 4.57 m.

Space Shuttle Columbia is launched on STS-109 to service the Hubble Space Telescope.

Management of the United States Customs Service and the United States Secret Service move to the United States Department of Homeland Security.

In Roper v. Simmons, the U.S. Supreme Court rules that the execution of juveniles found guilty of any crime is unconstitutional.

English-language Wikipedia reaches its one millionth article, Jordanhill railway station.

Tornadoes break out across the southern United States, killing at least 20 people, including eight at Enterprise High School.

The Armenian police clash with peaceful opposition rally protesting against allegedly fraudulent presidential elections, as a result ten people are killed.

Thirty-five people are killed and 143 injured in a mass stabbing at Kunming Railway Station in China.

Alfonso VII, king of León and Castile (died 1157)

Antoninus of Florence, Italian archbishop and saint (died 1459)

Isabella of Coimbra (died 1455)

Vladislaus II of Hungary (died 1516)

Rudolph Goclenius, German philosopher and lexicographer (died 1628)

William Stafford, English courtier and conspirator (died 1612)

Richard Weston, 1st Earl of Portland (died 1635)

Jean-Charles della Faille, Flemish priest and mathematician (died 1652)

John Pell, English mathematician and linguist (died 1685)

Abraham Teniers, Flemish painter (died 1670)

John de Brito, Portuguese Jesuit missionary and martyr (died 1693)

Samuel Werenfels, Swiss theologian and author (died 1740)

Tsangyang Gyatso, sixth Dalai Lama (died 1706)

Caroline of Ansbach, British queen and regent (died 1737)

Manuel do Cenáculo, Portuguese prelate and antiquarian (died 1814)

William Cushing, American lawyer and judge (died 1810)

François Buzot, French lawyer and politician (died 1794)

François Séverin Marceau-Desgraviers, French general (died 1796)

Wilford Woodruff, American religious leader, 4th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (died 1898)

Frédéric Chopin, Polish pianist and composer (died 1849)

Augustus Pugin, English architect, co-designed the Palace of Westminster (died 1852)

Giovanni Duprè, Italian sculptor and educator (died 1882)

Joseph Hubert Reinkens, German bishop and academic (died 1896)

Philip Fysh, English-Australian politician, 12th Premier of Tasmania (died 1919)

William Dean Howells, American novelist, playwright, and critic (died 1920)

Nikolaos Gyzis, Greek painter and academic (died 1901)

Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Irish-American sculptor and academic (died 1907)

Théophile Delcassé, French politician, French Minister of Foreign Affairs (died 1923)

Alexander Golovin, Russian painter and set designer (died 1930)

E. M. Antoniadi, Greek-French astronomer and academic (died 1944)

Henri de Baillet-Latour, Belgian businessman (died 1942)

Lytton Strachey, British writer and critic (died 1932)

Oskar Kokoschka, Austrian-Swiss painter, poet, and playwright (died 1980)

Ewart Astill, English cricketer and billiards player (died 1948)

Fanny Walden, English cricketer and umpire, international footballer (died 1949)

Tetsuro Watsuji, Japanese historian and philosopher (died 1960)

Theresa Bernstein, Polish-American painter and author (died 2002)

Ralph Hitz, Austrian-American hotelier (died 1940)

Ryūnosuke Akutagawa, Japanese author and educator (died 1927)

Mercedes de Acosta, American author, poet, and playwright (died 1968)

Dimitri Mitropoulos, Greek pianist, composer, and conductor (died 1960)

Moriz Seeler, German playwright and producer (died 1942)

Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski, German SS officer (died 1972)

Basil Bunting, British poet (died 1985)

Paul Hartman, American actor, singer, and dancer (died 1973)

Glenn Miller, American trombonist, composer, and bandleader (died 1944)

Doris Hare, Welsh-English actress, singer, and dancer (died 2000)

Phạm Văn Đồng, Vietnamese lieutenant and politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Vietnam (died 2000)

Eugene Esmonde, English lieutenant and pilot (died 1942)

Winston Sharples, American pianist and composer (died 1978)

Archer John Porter Martin, English chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2002)

David Niven, English soldier and actor (died 1983)

Gerald Emmett Carter, Canadian cardinal (died 2003)

Boris Chertok, Polish-Russian engineer and academic (died 2011)

Harry Caray, American sportscaster (died 1998)

Ralph Ellison, American novelist and literary critic (died 1994)

Robert Lowell, American poet (died 1977)

Dinah Shore, American singer and actress (died 1994)

João Goulart, Brazilian lawyer and politician, 24th President of Brazil (died 1976)

Gladys Spellman, American educator and politician (died 1988)

Max Bentley, Canadian ice hockey player (died 1984)

Howard Nemerov, American poet and academic (died 1991)

Cameron Argetsinger, American race car driver and lawyer (died 2008)

Terence Cooke, American cardinal (died 1983)

Richard Wilbur, American poet, translator, and essayist (died 2017)

William Gaines, American publisher (died 1992)

Yitzhak Rabin, Israeli general and politician, 5th Prime Minister of Israel, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1995)

Fred Scolari, American basketball player (died 2002)

Arnold Drake, American author and screenwriter (died 2007)

Deke Slayton, American soldier, pilot, and astronaut (died 1993)

Robert Clary, French-American actor and author (died 2022)

Cesare Danova, Italian-American actor (died 1992)

Pete Rozelle, American businessman and 3rd National Football League Commissioner (died 1996)

Allan Stanley, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (died 2013)

George O. Abell, American astronomer, academic, and skeptic (died 1983)

Harry Belafonte, American singer-songwriter and actor (died 2023)

Robert Bork, American lawyer and scholar, United States Attorney General (died 2012)

Jacques Rivette, French director, screenwriter, and critic (died 2016)

Georgi Markov, Bulgarian journalist and author (died 1978)

Monu Mukhopadhyay, Indian Bengali actor (died 2020)

Gastone Nencini, Italian cyclist (died 1980)

Jean-Michel Folon, Belgian painter and sculptor (died 2005)

Joan Hackett, American actress (died 1983)

Robert Conrad, American actor, radio host and stuntman (died 2020)

Jean-Edern Hallier, French author (died 1997)

Leo Brouwer, Cuban guitarist, composer, and conductor

Mustansar Hussain Tarar, Pakistani author

Robin Gray, Australian politician, 37th Premier of Tasmania

Robert Grossman, American painter, sculptor, and author (died 2018)

Robert Hass, American poet

Dave Marcis, American stock car racing driver

Richard Myers, American general

Gil Amelio, American businessman

José Ángel Iribar, Spanish footballer and manager

Rashid Sunyaev, Russian-German astronomer and physicist

Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, Indian politician, 7th Chief Minister of West Bengal

John Breaux, American lawyer and politician

Mike d'Abo, English singer

Roger Daltrey, English singer-songwriter, producer, and actor

Dirk Benedict, American actor and director

Gerry Boulet, Canadian singer-songwriter (died 1990)

Jim Crace, English author and academic

Alan Thicke, Canadian-American actor and composer (died 2016)

Sergei Kourdakov, Russian-American KGB agent (died 1973)

Dave Barr, Canadian golfer

Nevada Barr, American actress and author

Janice Burgess, American television executive, screenwriter, and producer (died 2024)

Leigh Matthews, Australian footballer, coach, and sportscaster

Jerri Nielsen, American physician and explorer (died 2009)

Martin O'Neill, Northern Irish footballer and manager

Brian Winters, American basketball player and coach

Sinan Çetin, Turkish actor, director, and producer

Carlos Queiroz, Portuguese footballer and manager

M. K. Stalin, Indian Tamil politician, 8th and incumbent Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu

Catherine Bach, American actress

Ron Howard, American actor, director, and producer

Vice Admiral Sir Timothy Laurence, member of the British royal family and Royal Navy officer

Tim Daly, American actor, director, and producer

Dalia Grybauskaitė, Lithuanian politician, 8th President of Lithuania

Nik Kershaw, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer

Wayne B. Phillips, Australian cricketer and coach

Bertrand Piccard, Swiss psychiatrist and aviator

Nick Griffin, English politician

Mike Rozier, American football player

Bryan Batt, American actor

Ron Francis, Canadian ice hockey player and manager

Magnus Svensson, Swedish ice hockey player

Russell Wong, American actor

Booker T, American professional wrestler and sportscaster

Chris Eigeman, American actor, director, screenwriter, and producer

Stewart Elliott, Canadian jockey

Don Lemon, American journalist

Zack Snyder, American director, producer, and screenwriter

George Eads, American actor

Aron Winter, Surinamese-Dutch footballer and manager

Javier Bardem, Spanish actor and producer

Yolanda Griffith, American basketball player and coach

Ma Dong-seok, South Korean-American actor

Brad Falchuk, American screenwriter, director, and producer

Jack Davenport, English actor

Ryan Peake, Canadian musician and songwriter

Chris Webber, American basketball player and sportscaster

Mark-Paul Gosselaar, American actor

Rens Blom, Dutch pole vaulter

Jensen Ackles, American actor and musician

Mikkel Kessler, Danish boxer

Bruno Langlois, Canadian cyclist

Shahid Afridi, Pakistani cricketer

Sercan Güvenışık, German-Turkish footballer

Djimi Traoré, French-Malian footballer

Will Power, Australian race car driver

Travis Diener, American-Italian basketball player

Daniel Carvalho, Brazilian footballer

Lupita Nyong'o, Kenyan-Mexican actress

Alexander Steen, Canadian-Swedish ice hockey player

Claudio Bieler, Argentinian footballer

Andreas Ottl, German footballer

Big E, American professional wrestler

Jonathan Spector, American soccer player

Alec Utgoff, Ukrainian-English actor

Kesha, American singer-songwriter and actress

Kyle O'Reilly, Canadian professional wrestler

Trevor Cahill, American baseball player

Jarvis Varnado, American basketball player

Tenille Dashwood, Australian professional wrestler

Daniella Monet, American actress

Emeraude Toubia, Canadian-American actress

Carlos Vela, Mexican footballer

Joe Mantiply, American baseball player

Édouard Mendy, Senegalese footballer

Tom Walsh, New Zealand athlete

Juan Bernat, Spanish footballer

Michael Conforto, American baseball player

Josh McEachran, English footballer

Victor Rask, Swedish ice hockey player

Jordan Veretout, French footballer

Justin Bieber, Canadian singer-songwriter

Asanoyama Hiroki, Japanese sumo wrestler

Tyreek Hill, American football player

Maximilian Philipp, German footballer

Oswaldo Cabrera, Venezuelan baseball player

Brogan Hay, Scottish footballer

Ja'Marr Chase, American football player

Wander Franco, Dominican baseball player

Sapnap, American YouTuber

Felix III, pope of the Catholic Church

David, Welsh bishop and saint

Leo VIII, pope of the Catholic Church

Rudesind, Galician bishop (born 907)

En'yū, Japanese emperor (born 959)

Ermesinde of Carcassonne, countess and regent of Barcelona (born 972)

Stephen II, king of Hungary and Croatia (born 1101)

Thomas, count of Savoy (born 1178)

Gruffydd ap Llywelyn Fawr, Welsh noble, son of Llywelyn the Great (born 1200)

Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan, Chinese emperor (born 1286)

Amadeus VI, count of Savoy (born 1334)

Francisco de Almeida, Portuguese soldier and explorer (born 1450)

George Wishart, Scottish minister and martyr (born 1513)

Thomas Campion, English poet and composer (born 1567)

George Herbert, English poet and orator (born 1593)

Girolamo Frescobaldi, Italian keyboardist and composer (born 1583)

Richard Zouch, English judge and politician (born 1590)

Francesco Redi, Italian physician and poet (born 1626)

Roger North, English lawyer and author (born 1653)

Hermann Samuel Reimarus, German philosopher and author (born 1694)

Luigi Vanvitelli, Italian architect, designed the Palace of Caserta (born 1700)

Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor (born 1747)

Angelo Emo, Venetian admiral and statesman (born 1731)

Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno, French general and politician, French Minister of Defence (born 1764)

Peter Barlow, English mathematician and physicist (born 1776)

Tristan Corbière, French poet and educator (born 1845)

Theodor Kullak, German pianist, composer, and educator (born 1818)

Isaac Todhunter, English mathematician and academic (born 1820)

William Henry Monk, English organist and composer (born 1823)

Rafael Campo, President of El Salvador from 1856 to 1858 (born 1813)

José María de Pereda, Spanish author (born 1833)

Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Dutch-German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1852)

Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto, English soldier and politician, 8th Governor General of Canada (born 1845)

John H. Bankhead, American lawyer and politician (born 1842)

Pichichi, Spanish footballer (born 1892)

Homer Plessy, American political activist (born 1862 or 1863)

Frank Teschemacher, American Jazz musician (born 1906)

Mikhail Kuzmin, Russian author and poet (born 1871)

Gabriele D'Annunzio, Italian journalist and politician (born 1863)

A. H. Tammsaare, Estonian author (born 1878)

George S. Rentz, American commander (born 1882)

Alexandre Yersin, Swiss-French physician and bacteriologist (born 1863)

Mariano Azuela, Mexican physician and author (born 1873)

Fritz Houtermans, Polish-German physicist and academic (born 1903)

Bobby Timmons, American pianist and composer (born 1935)

Jean Martinon, French conductor and composer (born 1910)

Paul Scott, English author, poet, and playwright (born 1920)

Mustafa Barzani, Iraqi-Kurdistan politician (born 1903)

Wilhelmina Cooper, Dutch-American model and businesswoman, founded Wilhelmina Models (born 1940)

Dixie Dean, English footballer (born 1907)

Arthur Koestler, Hungarian-English journalist and author (born 1905)

Jackie Coogan, American actor (born 1914)

Joe Besser, American comedian and actor (born 1907)

Vasantdada Patil, Indian politician, 5th Chief Minister of Maharashtra (born 1917)

Edwin H. Land, American scientist and businessman, co-founded the Polaroid Corporation (born 1909)

Joseph Christopher, American schizophrenic serial killer (born 1955)

César Rodríguez Álvarez, Spanish footballer and manager (born 1920)

Georges J. F. Köhler, German biologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1946)

Archie Goodwin, American author and illustrator (born 1937)

Mian Ghulam Jilani, Pakistani general (born 1914)

Peter Osgood, English footballer (born 1947)

Jack Wild, English actor (born 1952)

Nurasyura binte Mohamed Fauzi, Singaporean rape and murder victim (born 2003)

Kristian Digby, English television host and director (born 1977)

Andrew Breitbart, American journalist and publisher (born 1969)

Germano Mosconi, Italian journalist (born 1932)

Bonnie Franklin, American actress, dancer, and singer (born 1944)

Alain Resnais, French director, cinematographer, and screenwriter (born 1922)

Minnie Miñoso, Cuban-American baseball player and coach (born 1922)

Carole Achache, French writer, photographer and actress (born 1952)

María Rubio, Mexican television, film and stage actress (born 1934)

Mike Willesee, Australian journalist and producer (born 1942)

Just Fontaine, French footballer (born 1933)

Iris Apfel, American businesswoman, interior designer, and philanthropist (born 1921)

Akira Toriyama, Japanese manga artist (born 1955)

Pat Ingoldsby, Irish poet and television presenter (born 1942)

Joey Molland, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1947)

Angie Stone, American singer, songwriter, and actress (born 1961)